Cube test debug names

BasicCompute/BasicComputeGame.cs

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 		private GraphicsPipeline drawPipeline;
 		private Texture texture;
 		private Sampler sampler;
-		private Buffer vertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer vertexBuffer;
 
-		public BasicComputeGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public BasicComputeGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			// Create the compute pipeline that writes texture data
 			ShaderModule fillTextureComputeShaderModule = new ShaderModule(
@@ -61,16 +61,16 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 
 			// Create buffers and textures
 			uint[] squares = new uint[64];
-			Buffer squaresBuffer = Buffer.Create<uint>(
+			GpuBuffer squaresBuffer = GpuBuffer.Create<uint>(
 				GraphicsDevice,
 				BufferUsageFlags.Compute,
 				(uint) squares.Length
 			);
 
-			vertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionTextureVertex>(
+			TransferBuffer transferBuffer = new TransferBuffer(
 				GraphicsDevice,
-				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex,
+				TransferUsage.Buffer,
-				6
+				squaresBuffer.Size
 			);
 
 			texture = Texture.CreateTexture2D(
@@ -84,34 +84,45 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			sampler = new Sampler(GraphicsDevice, new SamplerCreateInfo());
 
 			// Upload GPU resources and dispatch compute work
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
+			vertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
+				[
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 0), new Vector2(1, 0)),
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 1)),
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
+			);
+
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
+
 			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
 
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(vertexBuffer, new PositionTextureVertex[]
+			cmdbuf.BeginComputePass();
-			{
-				new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
-				new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 0), new Vector2(1, 0)),
-				new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
-				new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
-				new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
-				new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 1)),
-			});
 
 			// This should result in a bright yellow texture!
 			cmdbuf.BindComputePipeline(fillTextureComputePipeline);
-			cmdbuf.BindComputeTextures(texture);
+			cmdbuf.BindComputeTextures(new ComputeTextureBinding(texture, WriteOptions.Unsafe));
-			cmdbuf.DispatchCompute(texture.Width / 8, texture.Height / 8, 1, 0);
+			cmdbuf.DispatchCompute(texture.Width / 8, texture.Height / 8, 1);
 
 			// This calculates the squares of the first N integers!
 			cmdbuf.BindComputePipeline(calculateSquaresComputePipeline);
-			cmdbuf.BindComputeBuffers(squaresBuffer);
+			cmdbuf.BindComputeBuffers(new ComputeBufferBinding(squaresBuffer, WriteOptions.Unsafe));
-			cmdbuf.DispatchCompute((uint) squares.Length / 8, 1, 1, 0);
+			cmdbuf.DispatchCompute((uint) squares.Length / 8, 1, 1);
+
+			cmdbuf.EndComputePass();
 
 			var fence = GraphicsDevice.SubmitAndAcquireFence(cmdbuf);
 			GraphicsDevice.WaitForFences(fence);
 			GraphicsDevice.ReleaseFence(fence);
 
 			// Print the squares!
-			squaresBuffer.GetData(squares);
+			GraphicsDevice.DownloadFromBuffer(squaresBuffer, transferBuffer, TransferOptions.Unsafe);
+			transferBuffer.GetData<uint>(squares, 0);
 			Logger.LogInfo("Squares of the first " + squares.Length + " integers: " + string.Join(", ", squares));
 		}
 
@@ -123,11 +134,11 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			Texture? backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.CornflowerBlue));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.CornflowerBlue));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(drawPipeline);
 				cmdbuf.BindFragmentSamplers(new TextureSamplerBinding(texture, sampler));
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(vertexBuffer);
-				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 2, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 2);
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);

BasicStencil/BasicStencilGame.cs

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 	{
 		private GraphicsPipeline maskerPipeline;
 		private GraphicsPipeline maskeePipeline;
-		private Buffer vertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer vertexBuffer;
 		private Texture depthStencilTexture;
 
-		public BasicStencilGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public BasicStencilGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			// Load the shaders
 			ShaderModule vertShaderModule = new ShaderModule(GraphicsDevice, TestUtils.GetShaderPath("PositionColor.vert"));
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 				StencilTestEnable = true,
 				FrontStencilState = new StencilOpState
 				{
-					Reference = 1,
-					WriteMask = 0xFF,
 					CompareOp = CompareOp.Never,
 					FailOp = StencilOp.Replace,
-				}
+				},
+				Reference = 1,
+				WriteMask = 0xFF
 			};
 			maskerPipeline = new GraphicsPipeline(GraphicsDevice, pipelineCreateInfo);
 
@@ -44,11 +44,11 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 				StencilTestEnable = true,
 				FrontStencilState = new StencilOpState
 				{
-					Reference = 0,
-					CompareMask = 0xFF,
-					WriteMask = 0,
 					CompareOp = CompareOp.Equal,
-				}
+				},
+				Reference = 0,
+				CompareMask = 0xFF,
+				WriteMask = 0
 			};
 			maskeePipeline = new GraphicsPipeline(GraphicsDevice, pipelineCreateInfo);
 
@@ -60,13 +60,11 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 				TextureFormat.D16S8,
 				TextureUsageFlags.DepthStencilTarget
 			);
-			vertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionColorVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 6);
 
-			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+
-				vertexBuffer,
+			vertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
-				new PositionColorVertex[]
+				[
-				{
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0), Color.Yellow),
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(0.5f, 0.5f, 0), Color.Yellow),
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(0, -0.5f, 0), Color.Yellow),
@@ -74,9 +72,12 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), Color.Red),
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), Color.Lime),
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(0, -1, 0), Color.Blue),
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
 			);
-			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
+
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
 		}
 
 		protected override void Update(System.TimeSpan delta) { }
@@ -88,14 +89,14 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
 				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(
-					new DepthStencilAttachmentInfo(depthStencilTexture, new DepthStencilValue(0, 0), StoreOp.DontCare, StoreOp.DontCare),
+					new DepthStencilAttachmentInfo(depthStencilTexture, WriteOptions.Cycle, new DepthStencilValue(0, 0), StoreOp.DontCare, StoreOp.DontCare),
-					new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.Black)
+					new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Black)
 				);
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(maskerPipeline);
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(vertexBuffer);
-				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1);
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(maskeePipeline);
-				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(3, 1, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(3, 1);
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);

BasicTriangle/BasicTriangleGame.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-using MoonWorks;
+using MoonWorks.Graphics;
-using MoonWorks.Graphics;
 
 namespace MoonWorks.Test
 {
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 		private bool useSmallViewport;
 		private bool useScissorRect;
 
-		public BasicTriangleGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public BasicTriangleGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			Logger.LogInfo("Press Left to toggle wireframe mode\nPress Down to toggle small viewport\nPress Right to toggle scissor rect");
 
@@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			Texture? backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.Black));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Black));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(useWireframeMode ? linePipeline : fillPipeline);
 
 				if (useSmallViewport)
@@ -72,7 +71,7 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 					cmdbuf.SetScissor(scissorRect);
 				}
 
-				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1);
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);

ClearScreen/ClearScreenGame.cs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 {
 	class ClearScreenGame : Game
 	{
-		public ClearScreenGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true) { }
+		public ClearScreenGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true) { }
 
 		protected override void Update(System.TimeSpan delta) { }
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			Texture? backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.CornflowerBlue));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.CornflowerBlue));
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);

ClearScreen_MultiWindow/ClearScreen_MultiWindowGame.cs

@@ -7,12 +7,17 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 	{
 		private Window secondaryWindow;
 
-		public ClearScreen_MultiWindowGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public ClearScreen_MultiWindowGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
+			var (windowX, windowY) = MainWindow.Position;
+			MainWindow.SetPosition(windowX - 360, windowY);
+
 			secondaryWindow = new Window(
 				new WindowCreateInfo("Secondary Window", 640, 480, ScreenMode.Windowed, PresentMode.FIFO, false, false),
 				GraphicsDevice.WindowFlags
 			);
+			(windowX, windowY) = secondaryWindow.Position;
+			secondaryWindow.SetPosition(windowX + 360, windowY);
 			GraphicsDevice.ClaimWindow(secondaryWindow, PresentMode.FIFO);
 		}
 
@@ -23,23 +28,29 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			CommandBuffer cmdbuf;
 			Texture? backbuffer;
 
-			cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			if (MainWindow.Claimed)
-			backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
-			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.CornflowerBlue));
+				cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
-				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
+				backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
+				if (backbuffer != null)
+				{
+					cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.CornflowerBlue));
+					cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
+				}
+				GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
 			}
-			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
 
-			cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			if (secondaryWindow.Claimed)
-			backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(secondaryWindow);
-			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.Aquamarine));
+				cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
-				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
+				backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(secondaryWindow);
+				if (backbuffer != null)
+				{
+					cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Aquamarine));
+					cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
+				}
+				GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
 			}
-			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
 		}
 
 		public static void Main(string[] args)

CompressedTextures/CompressedTexturesGame.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-using MoonWorks;
+using MoonWorks.Graphics;
-using MoonWorks.Graphics;
 using MoonWorks.Math.Float;
 using System.IO;
 
@@ -8,8 +7,8 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 	class CompressedTexturesGame : Game
 	{
 		private GraphicsPipeline pipeline;
-		private Buffer vertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer vertexBuffer;
-		private Buffer indexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer indexBuffer;
 		private Sampler sampler;
 		private Texture[] textures;
 		private string[] textureNames = new string[]
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 
 		private int currentTextureIndex;
 
-		public CompressedTexturesGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public CompressedTexturesGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			Logger.LogInfo("Press Left and Right to cycle between textures");
 			Logger.LogInfo("Setting texture to: " + textureNames[0]);
@@ -48,35 +47,34 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			textures = new Texture[textureNames.Length];
 
 			// Create and populate the GPU resources
-			vertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionTextureVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 4);
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
-			indexBuffer = Buffer.Create<ushort>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Index, 6);
 
-			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			vertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+				[
-				vertexBuffer,
-				new PositionTextureVertex[]
-				{
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 0), new Vector2(1, 0)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 1)),
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 1))
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
 			);
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+
-				indexBuffer,
+			indexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer<ushort>(
-				new ushort[]
+				[
-				{
 					0, 1, 2,
 					0, 2, 3,
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Index
 			);
+
 			for (int i = 0; i < textureNames.Length; i += 1)
 			{
 				Logger.LogInfo(textureNames[i]);
-				using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(TestUtils.GetTexturePath(textureNames[i] + ".dds"), FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
+				textures[i] = resourceUploader.CreateTextureFromDDS(TestUtils.GetTexturePath(textureNames[i] + ".dds"));
-					textures[i] = Texture.LoadDDS(GraphicsDevice, cmdbuf, fs);
 			}
-			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
+
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
 		}
 
 		protected override void Update(System.TimeSpan delta)
@@ -113,12 +111,12 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			Texture? backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.Black));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Black));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(pipeline);
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(vertexBuffer);
 				cmdbuf.BindIndexBuffer(indexBuffer, IndexElementSize.Sixteen);
 				cmdbuf.BindFragmentSamplers(new TextureSamplerBinding(textures[currentTextureIndex], sampler));
-				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2);
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);

ComputeUniforms/ComputeUniformsGame.cs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 		private GraphicsPipeline drawPipeline;
 		private Texture texture;
 		private Sampler sampler;
-		private Buffer vertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer vertexBuffer;
 
 		struct GradientTextureComputeUniforms
 		{
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			}
 		}
 
-		public ComputeUniformsGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public ComputeUniformsGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			// Create the compute pipeline that writes texture data
 			ShaderModule gradientTextureComputeShaderModule = new ShaderModule(
@@ -60,13 +60,6 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 				drawPipelineCreateInfo
 			);
 
-			// Create buffers and textures
-			vertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionTextureVertex>(
-				GraphicsDevice,
-				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex,
-				6
-			);
-
 			texture = Texture.CreateTexture2D(
 				GraphicsDevice,
 				MainWindow.Width,
@@ -78,26 +71,36 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			sampler = new Sampler(GraphicsDevice, new SamplerCreateInfo());
 
 			// Upload GPU resources and dispatch compute work
+
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
+
+			vertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
+				[
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 0), new Vector2(1, 0)),
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 1)),
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
+			);
+
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
 			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(vertexBuffer, new PositionTextureVertex[]
-			{
-				new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
-				new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 0), new Vector2(1, 0)),
-				new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
-				new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
-				new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
-				new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 1)),
-			});
 
 			GradientTextureComputeUniforms gradientUniforms = new GradientTextureComputeUniforms(
 				texture.Width / 8,
 				texture.Height / 8
 			);
 
+			cmdbuf.BeginComputePass();
 			cmdbuf.BindComputePipeline(gradientTextureComputePipeline);
-			cmdbuf.BindComputeTextures(texture);
+			cmdbuf.BindComputeTextures(new ComputeTextureBinding(texture, 0));
-			uint offset = cmdbuf.PushComputeShaderUniforms(gradientUniforms);
+			cmdbuf.PushComputeShaderUniforms(gradientUniforms);
-			cmdbuf.DispatchCompute(gradientUniforms.groupCountX, gradientUniforms.groupCountY, 1, offset);
+			cmdbuf.DispatchCompute(gradientUniforms.groupCountX, gradientUniforms.groupCountY, 1);
+			cmdbuf.EndComputePass();
 
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
 		}
@@ -110,11 +113,11 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			Texture? backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.CornflowerBlue));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.CornflowerBlue));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(drawPipeline);
 				cmdbuf.BindFragmentSamplers(new TextureSamplerBinding(texture, sampler));
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(vertexBuffer);
-				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 2, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 2);
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);

CopyTexture/CopyTextureGame.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
-using MoonWorks;
 using MoonWorks.Graphics;
 using MoonWorks.Math.Float;
 
@@ -8,14 +7,14 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 	class CopyTextureGame : Game
 	{
 		private GraphicsPipeline pipeline;
-		private Buffer vertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer vertexBuffer;
-		private Buffer indexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer indexBuffer;
 		private Texture originalTexture;
 		private Texture textureCopy;
 		private Texture textureSmallCopy;
 		private Sampler sampler;
 
-		public unsafe CopyTextureGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public unsafe CopyTextureGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			// Load the shaders
 			ShaderModule vertShaderModule = new ShaderModule(GraphicsDevice, TestUtils.GetShaderPath("TexturedQuad.vert"));
@@ -36,15 +35,10 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			sampler = new Sampler(GraphicsDevice, SamplerCreateInfo.PointClamp);
 
 			// Create and populate the GPU resources
-			vertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionTextureVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 12);
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
-			indexBuffer = Buffer.Create<ushort>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Index, 12);
 
-			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			vertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
-
+				[
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
-				vertexBuffer,
-				new PositionTextureVertex[]
-				{
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1f, 0f, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3( 0f, 0f, 0), new Vector2(1, 0)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3( 0f, 1f, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
@@ -59,96 +53,100 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3( 0.5f, -1f, 0), new Vector2(1, 0)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3( 0.5f,  0f, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-0.5f,  0f, 0), new Vector2(0, 1))
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
 			);
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+
-				indexBuffer,
+			indexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer<ushort>(
-				new ushort[]
+				[
-				{
 					0, 1, 2,
 					0, 2, 3,
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Index
 			);
 
-			// Load the texture. Storing the texture bytes so we can compare them.
+			originalTexture = resourceUploader.CreateTexture2DFromCompressed(
-			var fileStream = new System.IO.FileStream(TestUtils.GetTexturePath("ravioli.png"), System.IO.FileMode.Open, System.IO.FileAccess.Read);
+				TestUtils.GetTexturePath("ravioli.png")
-			var fileLength = fileStream.Length;
+			);
-			var fileBuffer = NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) fileLength);
-			var fileSpan = new System.Span<byte>(fileBuffer, (int) fileLength);
-			fileStream.ReadExactly(fileSpan);
 
-			var pixels = RefreshCS.Refresh.Refresh_Image_Load(
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
-				(nint) fileBuffer,
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
-				(int) fileLength,
+
+			// Load the texture bytes so we can compare them.
+			var pixels = ImageUtils.GetPixelDataFromFile(
+				TestUtils.GetTexturePath("ravioli.png"),
 				out var width,
 				out var height,
 				out var byteCount
 			);
 
-			NativeMemory.Free(fileBuffer);
+			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
 
-			TextureCreateInfo textureCreateInfo = new TextureCreateInfo();
+			var textureCreateInfo = new TextureCreateInfo
-			textureCreateInfo.Width = (uint) width;
+			{
-			textureCreateInfo.Height = (uint) height;
+				Width = originalTexture.Width,
-			textureCreateInfo.Depth = 1;
+				Height = originalTexture.Height,
-			textureCreateInfo.Format = TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8;
+				Depth = originalTexture.Depth,
-			textureCreateInfo.IsCube = false;
+				IsCube = originalTexture.IsCube,
-			textureCreateInfo.LevelCount = 1;
+				LayerCount = originalTexture.LayerCount,
-			textureCreateInfo.UsageFlags = TextureUsageFlags.Sampler;
+				LevelCount = originalTexture.LevelCount,
-
+				SampleCount = originalTexture.SampleCount,
-			originalTexture = new Texture(GraphicsDevice, textureCreateInfo);
+				Format = originalTexture.Format,
-			cmdbuf.SetTextureData(originalTexture, pixels, (uint) byteCount);
+				UsageFlags = originalTexture.UsageFlags
+			};
 
 			// Create a 1:1 copy of the texture
 			textureCopy = new Texture(GraphicsDevice, textureCreateInfo);
+
+			cmdbuf.BeginCopyPass();
 			cmdbuf.CopyTextureToTexture(
-				new TextureSlice(originalTexture),
+				originalTexture,
-				new TextureSlice(textureCopy),
+				textureCopy,
-				Filter.Linear
+				WriteOptions.Unsafe
 			);
+			cmdbuf.EndCopyPass();
 
 			// Create a half-sized copy of this texture
 			textureCreateInfo.Width /= 2;
 			textureCreateInfo.Height /= 2;
+			textureCreateInfo.UsageFlags |= TextureUsageFlags.ColorTarget;
 			textureSmallCopy = new Texture(GraphicsDevice, textureCreateInfo);
-			cmdbuf.CopyTextureToTexture(
-				new TextureSlice(originalTexture),
-				new TextureSlice(
-					textureSmallCopy,
-					new Rect(
-						(int) textureCreateInfo.Width,
-						(int) textureCreateInfo.Height
-					)
-				),
-				Filter.Linear
-			);
 
-			// Copy the texture to a buffer
+			// Render the half-size copy
-			Buffer compareBuffer = Buffer.Create<byte>(GraphicsDevice, 0, (uint) byteCount);
+			cmdbuf.Blit(originalTexture, textureSmallCopy, Filter.Linear, WriteOptions.Unsafe);
-			cmdbuf.CopyTextureToBuffer(new TextureSlice(originalTexture), compareBuffer);
 
 			var fence = GraphicsDevice.SubmitAndAcquireFence(cmdbuf);
 			GraphicsDevice.WaitForFences(fence);
 			GraphicsDevice.ReleaseFence(fence);
 
+			// Copy the texture to a transfer buffer
+			TransferBuffer compareBuffer = new TransferBuffer(GraphicsDevice, TransferUsage.Texture, byteCount);
+
+			GraphicsDevice.DownloadFromTexture(
+				textureCopy,
+				compareBuffer,
+				TransferOptions.Unsafe
+			);
+
 			// Compare the original bytes to the copied bytes.
-			var copiedBytes = NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) byteCount);
+			var copiedBytes = NativeMemory.Alloc(byteCount);
-			var copiedSpan = new System.Span<byte>(copiedBytes, byteCount);
+			var copiedSpan = new System.Span<byte>(copiedBytes, (int) byteCount);
 			compareBuffer.GetData(copiedSpan);
 
-			var originalSpan = new System.Span<byte>((void*) pixels, byteCount);
+			var originalSpan = new System.Span<byte>((void*) pixels, (int)byteCount);
 
 			if (System.MemoryExtensions.SequenceEqual(originalSpan, copiedSpan))
 			{
-				Logger.LogError("SUCCESS! Original texture bytes and the bytes from CopyTextureToBuffer match!");
+				Logger.LogInfo("SUCCESS! Original texture bytes and the downloaded bytes match!");
 
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				Logger.LogError("FAIL! Original texture bytes do not match bytes from CopyTextureToBuffer!");
+				Logger.LogError("FAIL! Original texture bytes do not match downloaded bytes!");
 			}
 
 			RefreshCS.Refresh.Refresh_Image_Free(pixels);
+			NativeMemory.Free(copiedBytes);
 		}
 
 		protected override void Update(System.TimeSpan delta) { }
@@ -159,16 +157,16 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			Texture? backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.Black));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Black));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(pipeline);
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(vertexBuffer);
 				cmdbuf.BindIndexBuffer(indexBuffer, IndexElementSize.Sixteen);
 				cmdbuf.BindFragmentSamplers(new TextureSamplerBinding(originalTexture, sampler));
-				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2);
 				cmdbuf.BindFragmentSamplers(new TextureSamplerBinding(textureCopy, sampler));
-				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(4, 0, 2, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(4, 0, 2);
 				cmdbuf.BindFragmentSamplers(new TextureSamplerBinding(textureSmallCopy, sampler));
-				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(8, 0, 2, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(8, 0, 2);
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);

Cube/Cube.csproj

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
     <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <Import Project="$(SolutionDir)NativeAOT_Console.targets" Condition="Exists('$(SolutionDir)NativeAOT_Console.targets')" />

Cube/CubeGame.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-using MoonWorks;
+using MoonWorks.Graphics;
-using MoonWorks.Graphics;
 using MoonWorks.Math;
 using MoonWorks.Math.Float;
+using System;
+using System.IO;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 
 namespace MoonWorks.Test
@@ -18,10 +19,14 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 		private Sampler depthSampler;
 		private DepthUniforms depthUniforms;
 
-		private Buffer cubeVertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer cubeVertexBuffer;
-		private Buffer skyboxVertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer skyboxVertexBuffer;
-		private Buffer blitVertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer blitVertexBuffer;
-		private Buffer indexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer indexBuffer;
+
+		private TransferBuffer screenshotTransferBuffer;
+		private Texture screenshotTexture;
+		private Fence? screenshotFence;
 
 		private Texture skyboxTexture;
 		private Sampler skyboxSampler;
@@ -33,8 +38,9 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 		private bool depthOnlyEnabled = false;
 		private Vector3 camPos = new Vector3(0, 1.5f, 4f);
 
-		private TaskFactory taskFactory = new TaskFactory();
 		private bool takeScreenshot;
+		private bool screenshotInProgress;
+		private bool swapchainCopied; // don't want to take screenshot if the swapchain was invalid
 
 		struct DepthUniforms
 		{
@@ -48,23 +54,41 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			}
 		}
 
-		void LoadCubemap(CommandBuffer cmdbuf, string[] imagePaths)
+		// Upload cubemap layers one at a time to minimize transfer size
+		unsafe void LoadCubemap(string[] imagePaths)
 		{
+			var cubemapUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
+
 			for (uint i = 0; i < imagePaths.Length; i++)
 			{
-				var textureSlice = new TextureSlice(
+				var textureRegion = new TextureRegion
-					skyboxTexture,
+				{
-					new Rect(0, 0, (int) skyboxTexture.Width, (int) skyboxTexture.Height),
+					TextureSlice = new TextureSlice
-					0,
+					{
-					i,
+						Texture = skyboxTexture,
-					0
+						MipLevel = 0,
+						Layer = i,
+					},
+					X = 0,
+					Y = 0,
+					Z = 0,
+					Width = skyboxTexture.Width,
+					Height = skyboxTexture.Height,
+					Depth = 1
+				};
+
+				cubemapUploader.SetTextureDataFromCompressed(
+					textureRegion,
+					imagePaths[i]
 				);
 
-				Texture.SetDataFromImageFile(cmdbuf, textureSlice, imagePaths[i]);
+				cubemapUploader.UploadAndWait();
 			}
+
+			cubemapUploader.Dispose();
 		}
 
-		public CubeGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public CubeGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			ShaderModule cubeVertShaderModule = new ShaderModule(
 				GraphicsDevice,
@@ -100,6 +124,8 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 				TextureFormat.D16,
 				TextureUsageFlags.DepthStencilTarget | TextureUsageFlags.Sampler
 			);
+			depthTexture.Name = "Depth Texture";
+
 			depthSampler = new Sampler(GraphicsDevice, new SamplerCreateInfo());
 			depthUniforms = new DepthUniforms(0.01f, 100f);
 
@@ -109,29 +135,13 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 				TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8,
 				TextureUsageFlags.Sampler
 			);
+			skyboxTexture.Name = "Skybox";
+
 			skyboxSampler = new Sampler(GraphicsDevice, new SamplerCreateInfo());
 
-			cubeVertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionColorVertex>(
+			screenshotTransferBuffer = new TransferBuffer(GraphicsDevice, TransferUsage.Texture, MainWindow.Width * MainWindow.Height * 4);
-				GraphicsDevice,
+			screenshotTexture = Texture.CreateTexture2D(GraphicsDevice, MainWindow.Width, MainWindow.Height, MainWindow.SwapchainFormat, TextureUsageFlags.Sampler);
-				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex,
+			screenshotTexture.Name = "Screenshot";
-				24
-			);
-			skyboxVertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionVertex>(
-				GraphicsDevice,
-				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex,
-				24
-			);
-			indexBuffer = Buffer.Create<uint>(
-				GraphicsDevice,
-				BufferUsageFlags.Index,
-				36
-			); // Using uint here just to test IndexElementSize=32
-
-			blitVertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionTextureVertex>(
-				GraphicsDevice,
-				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex,
-				6
-			);
 
 			Task loadingTask = Task.Run(() => UploadGPUAssets());
 
@@ -199,107 +209,104 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 		{
 			Logger.LogInfo("Loading...");
 
-			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			var cubeVertexData = new Span<PositionColorVertex>([
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, -1), new Color(1f, 0f, 0f)),
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, -1), new Color(1f, 0f, 0f)),
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, -1), new Color(1f, 0f, 0f)),
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, -1), new Color(1f, 0f, 0f)),
 
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 1), new Color(0f, 1f, 0f)),
-				cubeVertexBuffer,
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 1), new Color(0f, 1f, 0f)),
-				new PositionColorVertex[]
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 1), new Color(0f, 1f, 0f)),
-				{
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 1), new Color(0f, 1f, 0f)),
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, -1), new Color(1f, 0f, 0f)),
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, -1), new Color(1f, 0f, 0f)),
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, -1), new Color(1f, 0f, 0f)),
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, -1), new Color(1f, 0f, 0f)),
 
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 1), new Color(0f, 1f, 0f)),
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, -1), new Color(0f, 0f, 1f)),
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 1), new Color(0f, 1f, 0f)),
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, -1), new Color(0f, 0f, 1f)),
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 1), new Color(0f, 1f, 0f)),
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 1), new Color(0f, 0f, 1f)),
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 1), new Color(0f, 1f, 0f)),
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 1), new Color(0f, 0f, 1f)),
 
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, -1), new Color(0f, 0f, 1f)),
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, -1), new Color(1f, 0.5f, 0f)),
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, -1), new Color(0f, 0f, 1f)),
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, -1), new Color(1f, 0.5f, 0f)),
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 1), new Color(0f, 0f, 1f)),
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 1), new Color(1f, 0.5f, 0f)),
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 1), new Color(0f, 0f, 1f)),
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 1), new Color(1f, 0.5f, 0f)),
 
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, -1), new Color(1f, 0.5f, 0f)),
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, -1), new Color(1f, 0f, 0.5f)),
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, -1), new Color(1f, 0.5f, 0f)),
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 1), new Color(1f, 0f, 0.5f)),
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 1), new Color(1f, 0.5f, 0f)),
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 1), new Color(1f, 0f, 0.5f)),
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 1), new Color(1f, 0.5f, 0f)),
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, -1), new Color(1f, 0f, 0.5f)),
 
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, -1), new Color(1f, 0f, 0.5f)),
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, -1), new Color(0f, 0.5f, 0f)),
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 1), new Color(1f, 0f, 0.5f)),
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 1), new Color(0f, 0.5f, 0f)),
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 1), new Color(1f, 0f, 0.5f)),
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 1), new Color(0f, 0.5f, 0f)),
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, -1), new Color(1f, 0f, 0.5f)),
+				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, -1), new Color(0f, 0.5f, 0f))
+			]);
 
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, -1), new Color(0f, 0.5f, 0f)),
+			var skyboxVertexData = new Span<PositionVertex>([
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 1), new Color(0f, 0.5f, 0f)),
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, -10, -10)),
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 1), new Color(0f, 0.5f, 0f)),
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, -10, -10)),
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, -1), new Color(0f, 0.5f, 0f))
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, 10, -10)),
-				}
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, 10, -10)),
-			);
 
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, -10, 10)),
-				skyboxVertexBuffer,
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, -10, 10)),
-				new PositionVertex[]
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, 10, 10)),
-				{
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, 10, 10)),
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, -10, -10)),
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, -10, -10)),
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, 10, -10)),
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, 10, -10)),
 
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, -10, 10)),
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, -10, -10)),
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, -10, 10)),
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, 10, -10)),
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, 10, 10)),
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, 10, 10)),
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, 10, 10)),
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, -10, 10)),
 
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, -10, -10)),
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, -10, -10)),
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, 10, -10)),
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, 10, -10)),
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, 10, 10)),
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, 10, 10)),
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, -10, 10)),
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, -10, 10)),
 
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, -10, -10)),
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, -10, -10)),
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, 10, -10)),
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, -10, 10)),
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, 10, 10)),
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, -10, 10)),
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, -10, 10)),
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, -10, -10)),
 
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, -10, -10)),
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, 10, -10)),
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, -10, 10)),
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, 10, 10)),
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, -10, 10)),
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, 10, 10)),
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, -10, -10)),
+				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, 10, -10))
+			]);
 
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, 10, -10)),
+			var indexData = new Span<uint>([
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, 10, 10)),
+				0, 1, 2,    0, 2, 3,
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, 10, 10)),
+				6, 5, 4,    7, 6, 4,
-					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, 10, -10))
+				8, 9, 10,   8, 10, 11,
-				}
+				14, 13, 12, 15, 14, 12,
-			);
+				16, 17, 18, 16, 18, 19,
+				22, 21, 20, 23, 22, 20
+			]);
 
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+			var blitVertexData = new Span<PositionTextureVertex>([
-				indexBuffer,
+				new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
-				new uint[]
+				new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 0), new Vector2(1, 0)),
-				{
+				new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
-					 0,  1,  2,  0,  2,  3,
+				new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
-					 6,  5,  4,  7,  6,  4,
+				new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
-					 8,  9, 10,  8, 10, 11,
+				new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 1)),
-					14, 13, 12, 15, 14, 12,
+			]);
-					16, 17, 18, 16, 18, 19,
-					22, 21, 20, 23, 22, 20
-				}
-			);
 
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
-				blitVertexBuffer,
-				new PositionTextureVertex[]
-				{
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 0), new Vector2(1, 0)),
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 1)),
-				}
-			);
 
-			LoadCubemap(cmdbuf, new string[]
+			cubeVertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(cubeVertexData, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex);
+			skyboxVertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(skyboxVertexData, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex);
+			indexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(indexData, BufferUsageFlags.Index);
+			blitVertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(blitVertexData, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex);
+
+			cubeVertexBuffer.Name = "Cube Vertices";
+			skyboxVertexBuffer.Name = "Skybox Vertices";
+			indexBuffer.Name = "Cube Indices";
+			blitVertexBuffer.Name = "Blit Vertices";
+
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
+
+			LoadCubemap(new string[]
 			{
 				TestUtils.GetTexturePath("right.png"),
 				TestUtils.GetTexturePath("left.png"),
@@ -309,8 +316,6 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 				TestUtils.GetTexturePath("back.png")
 			});
 
-			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
-
 			finishedLoading = true;
 			Logger.LogInfo("Finished loading!");
 			Logger.LogInfo("Press Left to toggle Depth-Only Mode");
@@ -345,7 +350,7 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 				Logger.LogInfo("Depth-Only Mode enabled: " + depthOnlyEnabled);
 			}
 
-			if (TestUtils.CheckButtonPressed(Inputs, TestUtils.ButtonType.Right))
+			if (!screenshotInProgress && TestUtils.CheckButtonPressed(Inputs, TestUtils.ButtonType.Right))
 			{
 				takeScreenshot = true;
 			}
@@ -385,7 +390,7 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 					Color clearColor = new Color(sine, sine, sine);
 
 					// Just show a clear screen.
-					cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(swapchainTexture, clearColor));
+					cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(swapchainTexture, WriteOptions.Cycle, clearColor));
 					cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 				}
 				else
@@ -393,14 +398,14 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 					if (!depthOnlyEnabled)
 					{
 						cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(
-							new DepthStencilAttachmentInfo(depthTexture, new DepthStencilValue(1f, 0)),
+							new DepthStencilAttachmentInfo(depthTexture, WriteOptions.Cycle, new DepthStencilValue(1f, 0)),
-							new ColorAttachmentInfo(swapchainTexture, LoadOp.DontCare)
+							new ColorAttachmentInfo(swapchainTexture, WriteOptions.Cycle, LoadOp.DontCare)
 						);
 					}
 					else
 					{
 						cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(
-							new DepthStencilAttachmentInfo(depthTexture, new DepthStencilValue(1f, 0))
+							new DepthStencilAttachmentInfo(depthTexture, WriteOptions.Cycle, new DepthStencilValue(1f, 0), StoreOp.Store)
 						);
 					}
 
@@ -408,55 +413,84 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 					cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(depthOnlyEnabled ? cubePipelineDepthOnly : cubePipeline);
 					cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(cubeVertexBuffer);
 					cmdbuf.BindIndexBuffer(indexBuffer, IndexElementSize.ThirtyTwo);
-					uint vertexParamOffset = cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(cubeUniforms);
+					cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(cubeUniforms);
-					cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 12, vertexParamOffset, 0);
+					cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 12);
 
 					// Draw skybox
 					cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(depthOnlyEnabled ? skyboxPipelineDepthOnly : skyboxPipeline);
 					cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(skyboxVertexBuffer);
 					cmdbuf.BindIndexBuffer(indexBuffer, IndexElementSize.ThirtyTwo);
 					cmdbuf.BindFragmentSamplers(new TextureSamplerBinding(skyboxTexture, skyboxSampler));
-					vertexParamOffset = cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(skyboxUniforms);
+					cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(skyboxUniforms);
-					cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 12, vertexParamOffset, 0);
+					cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 12);
 
 					cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 
 					if (depthOnlyEnabled)
 					{
 						// Draw the depth buffer as a grayscale image
-						cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(swapchainTexture, LoadOp.DontCare));
+						cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(swapchainTexture, WriteOptions.Safe, LoadOp.Load));
 
 						cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(blitPipeline);
 						cmdbuf.BindFragmentSamplers(new TextureSamplerBinding(depthTexture, depthSampler));
 						cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(blitVertexBuffer);
-						uint fragParamOffset = cmdbuf.PushFragmentShaderUniforms(depthUniforms);
+						cmdbuf.PushFragmentShaderUniforms(depthUniforms);
-						cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 2, vertexParamOffset, fragParamOffset);
+						cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 2);
 
 						cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 					}
+
+					if (takeScreenshot)
+					{
+						cmdbuf.BeginCopyPass();
+						cmdbuf.CopyTextureToTexture(swapchainTexture, screenshotTexture, WriteOptions.Unsafe);
+						cmdbuf.EndCopyPass();
+
+						swapchainCopied = true;
+					}
 				}
 			}
 
-			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
+			if (takeScreenshot && swapchainCopied)
-
-			if (takeScreenshot)
 			{
-				if (swapchainTexture != null)
+				screenshotFence = GraphicsDevice.SubmitAndAcquireFence(cmdbuf);
-				{
+				Task.Run(TakeScreenshot);
-					taskFactory.StartNew(TakeScreenshot, swapchainTexture);
-				}
 
 				takeScreenshot = false;
+				swapchainCopied = false;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
 			}
 		}
 
-		private System.Action<object?> TakeScreenshot = texture =>
+		private unsafe void TakeScreenshot()
 		{
-			if (texture != null)
+			screenshotInProgress = true;
-			{
+
-				((Texture) texture).SavePNG(System.IO.Path.Combine(System.AppContext.BaseDirectory, "screenshot.png"));
+			GraphicsDevice.WaitForFences(screenshotFence);
-			}
+
-		};
+			GraphicsDevice.DownloadFromTexture(
+				screenshotTexture,
+				screenshotTransferBuffer,
+				TransferOptions.Unsafe
+			);
+
+			ImageUtils.SavePNG(
+				Path.Combine(System.AppContext.BaseDirectory, "screenshot.png"),
+				screenshotTransferBuffer,
+				0,
+				(int) screenshotTexture.Width,
+				(int) screenshotTexture.Height,
+				screenshotTexture.Format == TextureFormat.B8G8R8A8
+			);
+
+			GraphicsDevice.ReleaseFence(screenshotFence);
+			screenshotFence = null;
+
+			screenshotInProgress = false;
+		}
 
 		public static void Main(string[] args)
 		{

CullFace/CullFaceGame.cs

@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 		private GraphicsPipeline CCW_CullNonePipeline;
 		private GraphicsPipeline CCW_CullFrontPipeline;
 		private GraphicsPipeline CCW_CullBackPipeline;
-		private Buffer cwVertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer cwVertexBuffer;
-		private Buffer ccwVertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer ccwVertexBuffer;
 
 		private bool useClockwiseWinding;
 
-		public CullFaceGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public CullFaceGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			Logger.LogInfo("Press Down to toggle the winding order of the triangles (default is counter-clockwise)");
 
@@ -52,29 +52,28 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			CCW_CullBackPipeline = new GraphicsPipeline(GraphicsDevice, pipelineCreateInfo);
 
 			// Create and populate the vertex buffers
-			cwVertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionColorVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 3);
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
-			ccwVertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionColorVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 3);
 
-			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			cwVertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+				[
-				cwVertexBuffer,
-				new PositionColorVertex[]
-				{
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(0, -1, 0), Color.Blue),
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), Color.Green),
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), Color.Red),
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
 			);
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+
-				ccwVertexBuffer,
+			ccwVertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
-				new PositionColorVertex[]
+				[
-				{
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), Color.Red),
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), Color.Green),
-					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(0, -1, 0), Color.Blue),
+					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(0, -1, 0), Color.Blue)
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
 			);
-			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
+
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
 		}
 
 		protected override void Update(System.TimeSpan delta)
@@ -92,7 +91,7 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			Texture? backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.Black));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Black));
 
 				// Need to bind a pipeline before binding vertex buffers
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(CW_CullNonePipeline);
@@ -106,27 +105,27 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 				}
 
 				cmdbuf.SetViewport(new Viewport(0, 0, 213, 240));
-				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1);
 
 				cmdbuf.SetViewport(new Viewport(213, 0, 213, 240));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(CW_CullFrontPipeline);
-				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1);
 
 				cmdbuf.SetViewport(new Viewport(426, 0, 213, 240));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(CW_CullBackPipeline);
-				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1);
 
 				cmdbuf.SetViewport(new Viewport(0, 240, 213, 240));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(CCW_CullNonePipeline);
-				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1);
 
 				cmdbuf.SetViewport(new Viewport(213, 240, 213, 240));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(CCW_CullFrontPipeline);
-				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1);
 
 				cmdbuf.SetViewport(new Viewport(426, 240, 213, 240));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(CCW_CullBackPipeline);
-				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1);
 
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}

DepthMSAA/DepthMSAAGame.cs

@@ -8,15 +8,11 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 	class DepthMSAAGame : Game
 	{
 		private GraphicsPipeline[] cubePipelines = new GraphicsPipeline[4];
-		private GraphicsPipeline blitPipeline;
 		private Texture[] renderTargets = new Texture[4];
 		private Texture[] depthRTs = new Texture[4];
-		private Sampler rtSampler;
+		private GpuBuffer cubeVertexBuffer1;
-		private Buffer cubeVertexBuffer1;
+		private GpuBuffer cubeVertexBuffer2;
-		private Buffer cubeVertexBuffer2;
+		private GpuBuffer cubeIndexBuffer;
-		private Buffer cubeIndexBuffer;
-		private Buffer quadVertexBuffer;
-		private Buffer quadIndexBuffer;
 
 		private float cubeTimer = 0f;
 		private Quaternion cubeRotation = Quaternion.Identity;
@@ -25,7 +21,7 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 
 		private SampleCount currentSampleCount = SampleCount.Four;
 
-		public DepthMSAAGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public DepthMSAAGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			Logger.LogInfo("Press Left and Right to cycle between sample counts");
 			Logger.LogInfo("Setting sample count to: " + currentSampleCount);
@@ -64,19 +60,6 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 				cubePipelines[i] = new GraphicsPipeline(GraphicsDevice, pipelineCreateInfo);
 			}
 
-			// Create the blit pipeline
-			ShaderModule blitVertShaderModule = new ShaderModule(GraphicsDevice, TestUtils.GetShaderPath("TexturedQuad.vert"));
-			ShaderModule blitFragShaderModule = new ShaderModule(GraphicsDevice, TestUtils.GetShaderPath("TexturedQuad.frag"));
-
-			pipelineCreateInfo = TestUtils.GetStandardGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo(
-				MainWindow.SwapchainFormat,
-				blitVertShaderModule,
-				blitFragShaderModule
-			);
-			pipelineCreateInfo.VertexInputState = VertexInputState.CreateSingleBinding<PositionTextureVertex>();
-			pipelineCreateInfo.FragmentShaderInfo.SamplerBindingCount = 1;
-			blitPipeline = new GraphicsPipeline(GraphicsDevice, pipelineCreateInfo);
-
 			// Create the MSAA render textures and depth textures
 			for (int i = 0; i < renderTargets.Length; i += 1)
 			{
@@ -101,41 +84,11 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 				);
 			}
 
-			// Create the sampler
-			rtSampler = new Sampler(GraphicsDevice, SamplerCreateInfo.PointClamp);
-
 			// Create the buffers
-			quadVertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionTextureVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 4);
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
-			quadIndexBuffer = Buffer.Create<ushort>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Index, 6);
 
-			cubeVertexBuffer1 = Buffer.Create<PositionColorVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 24);
+			var cubeVertexData = new System.Span<PositionColorVertex>(
-			cubeVertexBuffer2 = Buffer.Create<PositionColorVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 24);
+			[
-			cubeIndexBuffer = Buffer.Create<uint>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Index, 36);
-
-			// Populate the GPU resources
-			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
-
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
-				quadVertexBuffer,
-				new PositionTextureVertex[]
-				{
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 0), new Vector2(1, 0)),
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 1)),
-				}
-			);
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
-				quadIndexBuffer,
-				new ushort[]
-				{
-					0, 1, 2,
-					0, 2, 3,
-				}
-			);
-
-			PositionColorVertex[] vertices = new PositionColorVertex[]
-			{
 				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, -1), new Color(1f, 0f, 0f)),
 				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, -1), new Color(1f, 0f, 0f)),
 				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, -1), new Color(1f, 0f, 0f)),
@@ -165,36 +118,38 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 1), new Color(0f, 0.5f, 0f)),
 				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 1), new Color(0f, 0.5f, 0f)),
 				new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, -1), new Color(0f, 0.5f, 0f))
-			};
+			]);
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+
-				cubeVertexBuffer1,
+			cubeVertexBuffer1 = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
-				vertices
+				cubeVertexData,
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
 			);
 
 			// Scoot all the verts slightly for the second cube...
-			for (int i = 0; i < vertices.Length; i += 1)
+			for (int i = 0; i < cubeVertexData.Length; i += 1)
 			{
-				vertices[i].Position.Z += 3;
+				cubeVertexData[i].Position.Z += 3;
 			}
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+
-				cubeVertexBuffer2,
+			cubeVertexBuffer2 = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
-				vertices
+				cubeVertexData,
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
 			);
 
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+			cubeIndexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer<uint>(
-				cubeIndexBuffer,
+				[
-				new uint[]
+					0,  1,  2,  0,  2,  3,
-				{
+					6,  5,  4,  7,  6,  4,
-					 0,  1,  2,  0,  2,  3,
+					8,  9, 10,  8, 10, 11,
-					 6,  5,  4,  7,  6,  4,
-					 8,  9, 10,  8, 10, 11,
 					14, 13, 12, 15, 14, 12,
 					16, 17, 18, 16, 18, 19,
 					22, 21, 20, 23, 22, 20
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Index
 			);
 
-			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
 		}
 
 		protected override void Update(System.TimeSpan delta)
@@ -255,33 +210,33 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 				// Begin the MSAA RT pass
 				int index = (int) currentSampleCount;
 				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(
-					new DepthStencilAttachmentInfo(depthRTs[index], new DepthStencilValue(1, 0)),
+					new DepthStencilAttachmentInfo(depthRTs[index], WriteOptions.Cycle, new DepthStencilValue(1, 0)),
-					new ColorAttachmentInfo(renderTargets[index], Color.Black)
+					new ColorAttachmentInfo(renderTargets[index], WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Black)
 				);
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(cubePipelines[index]);
 
 				// Draw the first cube
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(cubeVertexBuffer1);
 				cmdbuf.BindIndexBuffer(cubeIndexBuffer, IndexElementSize.ThirtyTwo);
-				uint vertexParamOffset = cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(cubeUniforms);
+				cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(cubeUniforms);
-				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 12, vertexParamOffset, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 12);
 
 				// Draw the second cube
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(cubeVertexBuffer2);
 				cmdbuf.BindIndexBuffer(cubeIndexBuffer, IndexElementSize.ThirtyTwo);
-				vertexParamOffset = cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(cubeUniforms);
+				cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(cubeUniforms);
-				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 12, vertexParamOffset, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 12);
 
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 
 				// Blit the MSAA RT to the backbuffer
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, LoadOp.DontCare));
+				// A copy would work fine here as well
-				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(blitPipeline);
+				cmdbuf.Blit(
-				cmdbuf.BindFragmentSamplers(new TextureSamplerBinding(renderTargets[index], rtSampler));
+					renderTargets[index],
-				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(quadVertexBuffer);
+					backbuffer,
-				cmdbuf.BindIndexBuffer(quadIndexBuffer, IndexElementSize.Sixteen);
+					Filter.Nearest,
-				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2, 0, 0);
+					WriteOptions.Safe
-				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
+				);
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
 		}

DrawIndirect/DrawIndirectGame.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-using MoonWorks;
+using MoonWorks.Graphics;
-using MoonWorks.Graphics;
 using MoonWorks.Math.Float;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
@@ -8,10 +7,10 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 	class DrawIndirectGame : Game
 	{
 		private GraphicsPipeline graphicsPipeline;
-		private Buffer vertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer vertexBuffer;
-		private Buffer drawBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer drawBuffer;
 
-		public DrawIndirectGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public DrawIndirectGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			// Load the shaders
 			ShaderModule vertShaderModule = new ShaderModule(GraphicsDevice, TestUtils.GetShaderPath("PositionColor.vert"));
@@ -27,14 +26,10 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			graphicsPipeline = new GraphicsPipeline(GraphicsDevice, pipelineCreateInfo);
 
 			// Create and populate the vertex buffer
-			vertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionColorVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 6);
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
-			drawBuffer = Buffer.Create<IndirectDrawCommand>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Indirect, 2);
 
-			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			vertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+				[
-				vertexBuffer,
-				new PositionColorVertex[]
-				{
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-0.5f, -1, 0), Color.Blue),
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1f, 1, 0), Color.Green),
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(0f, 1, 0), Color.Red),
@@ -42,17 +37,20 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(.5f, -1, 0), Color.Blue),
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1f, 1, 0), Color.Green),
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(0f, 1, 0), Color.Red),
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
 			);
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+
-				drawBuffer,
+			drawBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
-				new IndirectDrawCommand[]
+				[
-				{
 					new IndirectDrawCommand(3, 1, 3, 0),
 					new IndirectDrawCommand(3, 1, 0, 0),
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Indirect
 			);
-			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
+
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
 		}
 
 		protected override void Update(System.TimeSpan delta) { }
@@ -63,10 +61,10 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			Texture? backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.CornflowerBlue));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.CornflowerBlue));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(graphicsPipeline);
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(new BufferBinding(vertexBuffer, 0));
-				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitivesIndirect(drawBuffer, 0, 2, (uint) Marshal.SizeOf<IndirectDrawCommand>(), 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitivesIndirect(drawBuffer, 0, 2, (uint) Marshal.SizeOf<IndirectDrawCommand>());
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);

GetBufferData/GetBufferDataGame.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-using MoonWorks;
+using MoonWorks.Graphics;
-using MoonWorks.Graphics;
 using MoonWorks.Math.Float;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
@@ -7,11 +6,11 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 {
 	class GetBufferDataGame : Game
 	{
-		public GetBufferDataGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public GetBufferDataGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
-			PositionVertex[] vertices = new PositionVertex[]
+			var vertices = new System.Span<PositionVertex>(
-			{
+            [
-				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(0, 0, 0)),
+                new PositionVertex(new Vector3(0, 0, 0)),
 				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(0, 0, 1)),
 				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(0, 1, 0)),
 				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(0, 1, 1)),
@@ -19,69 +18,93 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(1, 0, 1)),
 				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0)),
 				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 1)),
-			};
+			]);
 
-			PositionVertex[] otherVerts = new PositionVertex[]
+			var otherVerts = new System.Span<PositionVertex>(
-			{
+            [
-				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(1, 2, 3)),
+                new PositionVertex(new Vector3(1, 2, 3)),
 				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(4, 5, 6)),
 				new PositionVertex(new Vector3(7, 8, 9))
-			};
+			]);
 
 			int vertexSize = Marshal.SizeOf<PositionVertex>();
 
-			Buffer vertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionVertex>(
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
-				GraphicsDevice,
-				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex,
-				(uint) vertices.Length
-			);
 
-			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			var vertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(vertices, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex);
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(vertexBuffer, vertices);
-			var fence = GraphicsDevice.SubmitAndAcquireFence(cmdbuf);
 
-			// Wait for the vertices to finish uploading...
+			// Wait for the vertices to finish copying...
-			GraphicsDevice.WaitForFences(fence);
+			resourceUploader.UploadAndWait();
-			GraphicsDevice.ReleaseFence(fence);
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
+
+			var transferBuffer = new TransferBuffer(GraphicsDevice, TransferUsage.Buffer, vertexBuffer.Size);
 
 			// Read back and print out the vertex values
+			GraphicsDevice.DownloadFromBuffer(
+				vertexBuffer,
+				transferBuffer,
+				TransferOptions.Unsafe
+			);
+
 			PositionVertex[] readbackVertices = new PositionVertex[vertices.Length];
-			vertexBuffer.GetData(readbackVertices);
+			transferBuffer.GetData<PositionVertex>(readbackVertices);
 			for (int i = 0; i < readbackVertices.Length; i += 1)
 			{
 				Logger.LogInfo(readbackVertices[i].ToString());
 			}
 
-			// Change the first three vertices
+			// Change the first three vertices and upload
-			cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			transferBuffer.SetData(otherVerts, TransferOptions.Unsafe);
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(vertexBuffer, otherVerts);
+
-			fence = GraphicsDevice.SubmitAndAcquireFence(cmdbuf);
+			var cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			cmdbuf.BeginCopyPass();
+			cmdbuf.UploadToBuffer(transferBuffer, vertexBuffer, WriteOptions.Unsafe);
+			cmdbuf.EndCopyPass();
+			var fence = GraphicsDevice.SubmitAndAcquireFence(cmdbuf);
 			GraphicsDevice.WaitForFences(fence);
 			GraphicsDevice.ReleaseFence(fence);
 
+			// Download the data
+			GraphicsDevice.DownloadFromBuffer(
+				vertexBuffer,
+				transferBuffer,
+				TransferOptions.Unsafe
+			);
+
 			// Read the updated buffer
-			vertexBuffer.GetData(readbackVertices);
+			transferBuffer.GetData<PositionVertex>(readbackVertices);
 			Logger.LogInfo("=== Change first three vertices ===");
 			for (int i = 0; i < readbackVertices.Length; i += 1)
 			{
 				Logger.LogInfo(readbackVertices[i].ToString());
 			}
 
-			// Change the last two vertices
+			// Change the last two vertices and upload
 			cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+			var lastTwoSpan = otherVerts.Slice(1, 2);
+			transferBuffer.SetData(lastTwoSpan, TransferOptions.Unsafe);
+			cmdbuf.BeginCopyPass();
+			cmdbuf.UploadToBuffer<PositionVertex>(
+				transferBuffer,
 				vertexBuffer,
-				otherVerts,
+				0,
-				(uint) (vertexSize * (vertices.Length - 2)),
+                (uint)(vertices.Length - 2),
-				1,
+				2,
-				2
+				WriteOptions.Unsafe
 			);
+			cmdbuf.EndCopyPass();
 			fence = GraphicsDevice.SubmitAndAcquireFence(cmdbuf);
 			GraphicsDevice.WaitForFences(fence);
 			GraphicsDevice.ReleaseFence(fence);
 
+			GraphicsDevice.DownloadFromBuffer(
+				vertexBuffer,
+				transferBuffer,
+				TransferOptions.Unsafe
+			);
+
 			// Read the updated buffer
-			vertexBuffer.GetData(readbackVertices);
+			transferBuffer.GetData<PositionVertex>(readbackVertices);
 			Logger.LogInfo("=== Change last two vertices ===");
 			for (int i = 0; i < readbackVertices.Length; i += 1)
 			{
@@ -89,7 +112,6 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			}
 		}
 
-
 		protected override void Update(System.TimeSpan delta) { }
 
 		protected override void Draw(double alpha)
@@ -98,7 +120,7 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			Texture? swapchainTexture = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (swapchainTexture != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(swapchainTexture, Color.Black));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(swapchainTexture, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Black));
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);

InstancingAndOffsets/InstancingAndOffsetsGame.cs

@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 	class InstancingAndOffsetsGame : Game
 	{
 		private GraphicsPipeline pipeline;
-		private Buffer vertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer vertexBuffer;
-		private Buffer indexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer indexBuffer;
 
 		private bool useVertexOffset;
 		private bool useIndexOffset;
 
-		public InstancingAndOffsetsGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public InstancingAndOffsetsGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			Logger.LogInfo("Press Left to toggle vertex offset\nPress Right to toggle index offset");
 
@@ -31,14 +31,10 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			pipeline = new GraphicsPipeline(GraphicsDevice, pipelineCreateInfo);
 
 			// Create and populate the vertex and index buffers
-			vertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionColorVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 9);
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
-			indexBuffer = Buffer.Create<ushort>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Index, 6);
 
-			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			vertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+				[
-				vertexBuffer,
-				new PositionColorVertex[]
-				{
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), Color.Red),
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), Color.Lime),
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(0, -1, 0), Color.Blue),
@@ -50,17 +46,20 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), Color.White),
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), Color.White),
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(0, -1, 0), Color.White),
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
 			);
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+
-				indexBuffer,
+			indexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer<ushort>(
-				new ushort[]
+				[
-				{
 					0, 1, 2,
 					3, 4, 5,
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Index
 			);
-			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
+
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
 		}
 
 		protected override void Update(System.TimeSpan delta)
@@ -87,11 +86,11 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			Texture? backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.Black));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Black));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(pipeline);
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(vertexBuffer);
 				cmdbuf.BindIndexBuffer(indexBuffer, IndexElementSize.Sixteen);
-				cmdbuf.DrawInstancedPrimitives(vertexOffset, indexOffset, 1, 16, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawInstancedPrimitives(vertexOffset, indexOffset, 1, 16);
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);

MSAA/MSAAGame.cs

@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 
 		private Texture[] renderTargets = new Texture[4];
 		private Sampler rtSampler;
-		private Buffer quadVertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer quadVertexBuffer;
-		private Buffer quadIndexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer quadIndexBuffer;
 
 		private SampleCount currentSampleCount = SampleCount.Four;
 
-		public MSAAGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public MSAAGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			Logger.LogInfo("Press Left and Right to cycle between sample counts");
 			Logger.LogInfo("Setting sample count to: " + currentSampleCount);
@@ -67,29 +67,28 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			rtSampler = new Sampler(GraphicsDevice, SamplerCreateInfo.PointClamp);
 
 			// Create and populate the vertex and index buffers
-			quadVertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionTextureVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 4);
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
-			quadIndexBuffer = Buffer.Create<ushort>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Index, 6);
 
-			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			quadVertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+				[
-				quadVertexBuffer,
-				new PositionTextureVertex[]
-				{
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 0), new Vector2(1, 0)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 1)),
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 1))
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
 			);
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+
-				quadIndexBuffer,
+			quadIndexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer<ushort>(
-				new ushort[]
+				[
-				{
 					0, 1, 2,
-					0, 2, 3,
+					0, 2, 3
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Index
 			);
-			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
+
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
 		}
 
 		protected override void Update(System.TimeSpan delta)
@@ -127,17 +126,17 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			{
 				Texture rt = renderTargets[(int) currentSampleCount];
 
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(rt, Color.Black));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(rt, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Black));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(msaaPipelines[(int) currentSampleCount]);
-				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1);
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, LoadOp.DontCare));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, LoadOp.DontCare));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(blitPipeline);
 				cmdbuf.BindFragmentSamplers(new TextureSamplerBinding(rt, rtSampler));
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(quadVertexBuffer);
 				cmdbuf.BindIndexBuffer(quadIndexBuffer, IndexElementSize.Sixteen);
-				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2);
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);

MSAACube/MSAACubeGame.cs

@@ -12,15 +12,15 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 		private GraphicsPipeline cubemapPipeline;
 
 		private Texture[] renderTargets = new Texture[4];
-		private Buffer vertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer vertexBuffer;
-		private Buffer indexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer indexBuffer;
 		private Sampler sampler;
 
 		private Vector3 camPos = new Vector3(0, 0, 4f);
 
 		private SampleCount currentSampleCount = SampleCount.Four;
 
-		public MSAACubeGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public MSAACubeGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			Logger.LogInfo("Press Down to view the other side of the cubemap");
 			Logger.LogInfo("Press Left and Right to cycle between sample counts");
@@ -67,7 +67,8 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 					LevelCount = 1,
 					SampleCount = (SampleCount)i,
 					UsageFlags = TextureUsageFlags.ColorTarget | TextureUsageFlags.Sampler,
-					IsCube = true
+					IsCube = true,
+					LayerCount = 6
 				};
 				renderTargets[i] = new Texture(GraphicsDevice, cubeCreateInfo);
 			}
@@ -76,14 +77,10 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			sampler = new Sampler(GraphicsDevice, SamplerCreateInfo.PointClamp);
 
 			// Create and populate the GPU resources
-			vertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 24);
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
-			indexBuffer = Buffer.Create<ushort>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Index, 36);
 
-			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			vertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+				[
-				vertexBuffer,
-				new PositionVertex[]
-				{
 					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, -10, -10)),
 					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, -10, -10)),
 					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, 10, -10)),
@@ -113,23 +110,24 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, 10, 10)),
 					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, 10, 10)),
 					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, 10, -10))
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
 			);
 
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+			indexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer<ushort>(
-				indexBuffer,
+				[
-				new ushort[]
+					0,  1,  2,  0,  2,  3,
-				{
+					6,  5,  4,  7,  6,  4,
-					 0,  1,  2,  0,  2,  3,
+					8,  9, 10,  8, 10, 11,
-					 6,  5,  4,  7,  6,  4,
-					 8,  9, 10,  8, 10, 11,
 					14, 13, 12, 15, 14, 12,
 					16, 17, 18, 16, 18, 19,
 					22, 21, 20, 23, 22, 20
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Index
 			);
 
-			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
 		}
 
 		protected override void Update(System.TimeSpan delta)
@@ -188,27 +186,28 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 				Texture rt = renderTargets[rtIndex];
 				ColorAttachmentInfo rtAttachmentInfo = new ColorAttachmentInfo(
 					rt,
+					WriteOptions.Cycle,
 					Color.Black
 				);
 
 				// Render a triangle to each slice of the cubemap
 				for (uint i = 0; i < 6; i += 1)
 				{
-					rtAttachmentInfo.Layer = i;
+					rtAttachmentInfo.TextureSlice.Layer = i;
 
 					cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(rtAttachmentInfo);
 					cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(msaaPipelines[rtIndex]);
-					cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1, 0, 0);
+					cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1);
 					cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 				}
 
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.Black));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Black));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(cubemapPipeline);
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(vertexBuffer);
 				cmdbuf.BindIndexBuffer(indexBuffer, IndexElementSize.Sixteen);
 				cmdbuf.BindFragmentSamplers(new TextureSamplerBinding(rt, sampler));
-				uint vertexUniformOffset = cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(vertUniforms);
+				cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(vertUniforms);
-				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 12, vertexUniformOffset, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 12);
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);

MoonWorks.Test.Common/Content/Shaders/Source/TexturedQuad2DArray.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#version 450
+
+layout (location = 0) in vec2 TexCoord;
+
+layout (location = 0) out vec4 FragColor;
+
+layout(binding = 0, set = 1) uniform sampler2DArray Sampler;
+
+layout (binding = 0, set = 3) uniform UniformBlock
+{
+	float depth;
+};
+
+void main()
+{
+	FragColor = texture(Sampler, vec3(TexCoord, depth));
+}

MoonWorks.Test.Common/CopyMoonlibs.targets

@@ -8,43 +8,43 @@
 	<ItemGroup Condition="$([System.Runtime.InteropServices.RuntimeInformation]::IsOSPlatform($([System.Runtime.InteropServices.OSPlatform]::Windows)))">
 		<Content Include="..\..\moonlibs\x64\FAudio.dll">
 			<Link>%(RecursiveDir)%(Filename)%(Extension)</Link>
-			<CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
+			<CopyToOutputDirectory>Always</CopyToOutputDirectory>
 		</Content>
 		<Content Include="..\..\moonlibs\x64\Refresh.dll">
 			<Link>%(RecursiveDir)%(Filename)%(Extension)</Link>
-			<CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
+			<CopyToOutputDirectory>Always</CopyToOutputDirectory>
 		</Content>
 		<Content Include="..\..\moonlibs\x64\SDL2.dll">
 			<Link>%(RecursiveDir)%(Filename)%(Extension)</Link>
-			<CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
+			<CopyToOutputDirectory>Always</CopyToOutputDirectory>
 		</Content>
 		<Content Include="..\..\moonlibs\x64\dav1dfile.dll">
 			<Link>%(RecursiveDir)%(Filename)%(Extension)</Link>
-			<CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
+			<CopyToOutputDirectory>Always</CopyToOutputDirectory>
 		</Content>
 	</ItemGroup>
 	<ItemGroup Condition="$([System.Runtime.InteropServices.RuntimeInformation]::IsOSPlatform($([System.Runtime.InteropServices.OSPlatform]::Linux)))">
 		<Content Include="..\..\moonlibs\lib64\libFAudio.*">
 			<Link>%(RecursiveDir)%(Filename)%(Extension)</Link>
-			<CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
+			<CopyToOutputDirectory>Always</CopyToOutputDirectory>
 		</Content>
 		<Content Include="..\..\moonlibs\lib64\libRefresh.*">
 			<Link>%(RecursiveDir)%(Filename)%(Extension)</Link>
-			<CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
+			<CopyToOutputDirectory>Always</CopyToOutputDirectory>
 		</Content>
 		<Content Include="..\..\moonlibs\lib64\libSDL2-2.0.*">
 			<Link>%(RecursiveDir)%(Filename)%(Extension)</Link>
-			<CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
+			<CopyToOutputDirectory>Always</CopyToOutputDirectory>
 		</Content>
 		<Content Include="..\..\moonlibs\windows\libdav1dfile.*">
 			<Link>%(RecursiveDir)%(Filename)%(Extension)</Link>
-			<CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
+			<CopyToOutputDirectory>Always</CopyToOutputDirectory>
 		</Content>
 	</ItemGroup>
 	<ItemGroup Condition="$([System.Runtime.InteropServices.RuntimeInformation]::IsOSPlatform($([System.Runtime.InteropServices.OSPlatform]::OSX)))">
 		<Content Include="..\..\moonlibs\osx\**\*.*" >
 			<Link>%(RecursiveDir)%(Filename)%(Extension)</Link>
-			<CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
+			<CopyToOutputDirectory>Always</CopyToOutputDirectory>
 		</Content>
 	</ItemGroup>
 

MoonWorks.Test.Common/TestUtils.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 {
 	public static class TestUtils
 	{
+		// change this to test different backends
+		public static Backend[] PreferredBackends = [Backend.Vulkan];
+
 		public static WindowCreateInfo GetStandardWindowCreateInfo()
 		{
 			return new WindowCreateInfo(

MoonWorksGraphicsTests.sln

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "InstancingAndOffsets", "Ins
 EndProject
 Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "VertexSampler", "VertexSampler\VertexSampler.csproj", "{C525B6DE-3003-45D5-BB83-89679B108C08}"
 EndProject
-Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "RenderTexture3D", "RenderTexture3D\RenderTexture3D.csproj", "{6D625A4C-8618-4DFC-A6AD-AA3BE3488D70}"
+Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "RenderTexture2DArray", "RenderTexture2DArray\RenderTexture2DArray.csproj", "{6D625A4C-8618-4DFC-A6AD-AA3BE3488D70}"
 EndProject
 Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "RenderTextureCube", "RenderTextureCube\RenderTextureCube.csproj", "{D7A8452F-123F-4965-8716-9E39F677A831}"
 EndProject
@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "RenderTexture2D", "RenderTe
 EndProject
 Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "MSAACube", "MSAACube\MSAACube.csproj", "{A1568AAF-DD02-4A6E-9C68-9AE07130A60D}"
 EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Texture3DCopy", "Texture3DCopy\Texture3DCopy.csproj", "{A18B6D92-A699-480C-9ABC-4000A3FE4B94}"
+EndProject
 Global
 	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
 		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
@@ -195,6 +197,10 @@ Global
 		{A1568AAF-DD02-4A6E-9C68-9AE07130A60D}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
 		{A1568AAF-DD02-4A6E-9C68-9AE07130A60D}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
 		{A1568AAF-DD02-4A6E-9C68-9AE07130A60D}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{A18B6D92-A699-480C-9ABC-4000A3FE4B94}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{A18B6D92-A699-480C-9ABC-4000A3FE4B94}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{A18B6D92-A699-480C-9ABC-4000A3FE4B94}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{A18B6D92-A699-480C-9ABC-4000A3FE4B94}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
 	EndGlobalSection
 	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
 		HideSolutionNode = FALSE

RenderTexture2D/RenderTexture2DGame.cs

@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 	class RenderTexture2DGame : Game
 	{
 		private GraphicsPipeline pipeline;
-		private Buffer vertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer vertexBuffer;
-		private Buffer indexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer indexBuffer;
 		private Texture[] textures = new Texture[4];
 		private Sampler sampler;
 
-		public RenderTexture2DGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public RenderTexture2DGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			// Load the shaders
 			ShaderModule vertShaderModule = new ShaderModule(GraphicsDevice, TestUtils.GetShaderPath("TexturedQuad.vert"));
@@ -34,25 +34,10 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			sampler = new Sampler(GraphicsDevice, samplerCreateInfo);
 
 			// Create and populate the GPU resources
-			vertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionTextureVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 16);
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
-			indexBuffer = Buffer.Create<ushort>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Index, 6);
 
-			for (int i = 0; i < textures.Length; i += 1)
+			vertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
-			{
+				[
-				textures[i] = Texture.CreateTexture2D(
-					GraphicsDevice,
-					MainWindow.Width / 4,
-					MainWindow.Height / 4,
-					TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8,
-					TextureUsageFlags.ColorTarget | TextureUsageFlags.Sampler
-				);
-			}
-
-			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
-				vertexBuffer,
-				new PositionTextureVertex[]
-				{
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(0, -1, 0), new Vector2(1, 0)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(0, 0, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
@@ -72,18 +57,31 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector2(1, 0)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 1)),
-				}
+				],
-			);
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
-				indexBuffer,
-				new ushort[]
-				{
-					0, 1, 2,
-					0, 2, 3,
-				}
 			);
 
-			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
+			indexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer<ushort>(
+				[
+					0, 1, 2,
+					0, 2, 3,
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Index
+			);
+
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
+
+			for (int i = 0; i < textures.Length; i += 1)
+			{
+				textures[i] = Texture.CreateTexture2D(
+					GraphicsDevice,
+					MainWindow.Width / 4,
+					MainWindow.Height / 4,
+					TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8,
+					TextureUsageFlags.ColorTarget | TextureUsageFlags.Sampler
+				);
+			}
 		}
 
 		protected override void Update(System.TimeSpan delta) { }
@@ -94,19 +92,19 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			Texture? backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(textures[0], Color.Red));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(textures[0], WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Red));
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(textures[1], Color.Blue));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(textures[1], WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Blue));
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(textures[2], Color.Green));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(textures[2], WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Green));
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(textures[3], Color.Yellow));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(textures[3], WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Yellow));
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.Black));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Black));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(pipeline);
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(vertexBuffer);
 				cmdbuf.BindIndexBuffer(indexBuffer, IndexElementSize.Sixteen);
@@ -114,7 +112,7 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 				for (uint i = 0; i < textures.Length; i += 1)
 				{
 					cmdbuf.BindFragmentSamplers(new TextureSamplerBinding(textures[i], sampler));
-					cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(4 * i, 0, 2, 0, 0);
+					cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(4 * i, 0, 2);
 				}
 
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();

RenderTexture2DArray/RenderTexture2DArrayGame.cs

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
-using MoonWorks;
+using System;
 using MoonWorks.Graphics;
 using MoonWorks.Math.Float;
-using RefreshCS;
 
 namespace MoonWorks.Test
 {
-	class RenderTexture3DGame : Game
+	class RenderTexture2DArrayGame : Game
 	{
 		private GraphicsPipeline pipeline;
-		private Buffer vertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer vertexBuffer;
-		private Buffer indexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer indexBuffer;
 		private Texture rt;
 		private Sampler sampler;
 
@@ -31,11 +30,11 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			}
 		}
 
-		public RenderTexture3DGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public RenderTexture2DArrayGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			// Load the shaders
 			ShaderModule vertShaderModule = new ShaderModule(GraphicsDevice, TestUtils.GetShaderPath("TexturedQuad.vert"));
-			ShaderModule fragShaderModule = new ShaderModule(GraphicsDevice, TestUtils.GetShaderPath("TexturedQuad3D.frag"));
+			ShaderModule fragShaderModule = new ShaderModule(GraphicsDevice, TestUtils.GetShaderPath("TexturedQuad2DArray.frag"));
 
 			// Create the graphics pipeline
 			GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineCreateInfo = TestUtils.GetStandardGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo(
@@ -48,12 +47,33 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			pipeline = new GraphicsPipeline(GraphicsDevice, pipelineCreateInfo);
 
 			// Create samplers
-			sampler = new Sampler(GraphicsDevice, SamplerCreateInfo.LinearWrap);
+			sampler = new Sampler(GraphicsDevice, SamplerCreateInfo.PointWrap);
 
 			// Create and populate the GPU resources
-			vertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionTextureVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 4);
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
-			indexBuffer = Buffer.Create<ushort>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Index, 6);
+
-			rt = Texture.CreateTexture3D(
+			vertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
+				[
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 0), new Vector2(1, 0)),
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 1)),
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
+			);
+
+			indexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer<ushort>(
+				[
+					0, 1, 2,
+					0, 2, 3,
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Index
+			);
+
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
+
+			rt = Texture.CreateTexture2DArray(
 				GraphicsDevice,
 				16,
 				16,
@@ -63,35 +83,19 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			);
 
 			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
-				vertexBuffer,
-				new PositionTextureVertex[]
-				{
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 0), new Vector2(1, 0)),
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 1)),
-				}
-			);
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
-				indexBuffer,
-				new ushort[]
-				{
-					0, 1, 2,
-					0, 2, 3,
-				}
-			);
 
 			// Clear each depth slice of the RT to a different color
 			for (uint i = 0; i < colors.Length; i += 1)
 			{
 				ColorAttachmentInfo attachmentInfo = new ColorAttachmentInfo
 				{
-					Texture = rt,
+					TextureSlice = new TextureSlice
+					{
+						Texture = rt,
+						Layer = i,
+						MipLevel = 0
+					},
 					ClearColor = colors[i],
-					Depth = i,
-					Layer = 0,
-					Level = 0,
 					LoadOp = LoadOp.Clear,
 					StoreOp = StoreOp.Store
 				};
@@ -107,19 +111,20 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 		protected override void Draw(double alpha)
 		{
 			t += 0.01f;
-			FragUniform fragUniform = new FragUniform(t);
+			t %= 3;
+			FragUniform fragUniform = new FragUniform(MathF.Floor(t));
 
 			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
 			Texture? backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.Black));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Black));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(pipeline);
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(vertexBuffer);
 				cmdbuf.BindIndexBuffer(indexBuffer, IndexElementSize.Sixteen);
 				cmdbuf.BindFragmentSamplers(new TextureSamplerBinding(rt, sampler));
-				uint fragParamOffset = cmdbuf.PushFragmentShaderUniforms(fragUniform);
+				cmdbuf.PushFragmentShaderUniforms(fragUniform);
-				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2, 0, fragParamOffset);
+				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2);
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
@@ -127,7 +132,7 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 
 		public static void Main(string[] args)
 		{
-			RenderTexture3DGame game = new RenderTexture3DGame();
+			RenderTexture2DArrayGame game = new RenderTexture2DArrayGame();
 			game.Run();
 		}
 	}

RenderTextureCube/RenderTextureCubeGame.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-using MoonWorks;
+using MoonWorks.Graphics;
-using MoonWorks.Graphics;
 using MoonWorks.Math.Float;
 using MoonWorks.Math;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
@@ -9,8 +8,8 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 	class RenderTextureCubeGame : Game
 	{
 		private GraphicsPipeline pipeline;
-		private Buffer vertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer vertexBuffer;
-		private Buffer indexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer indexBuffer;
 		private Texture cubemap;
 		private Sampler sampler;
 
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			Color.Purple,
 		};
 
-		public RenderTextureCubeGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public RenderTextureCubeGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			Logger.LogInfo("Press Down to view the other side of the cubemap");
 
@@ -49,20 +48,10 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			sampler = new Sampler(GraphicsDevice, SamplerCreateInfo.PointClamp);
 
 			// Create and populate the GPU resources
-			vertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 24);
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
-			indexBuffer = Buffer.Create<ushort>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Index, 36);
-			cubemap = Texture.CreateTextureCube(
-				GraphicsDevice,
-				16,
-				TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8,
-				TextureUsageFlags.ColorTarget | TextureUsageFlags.Sampler
-			);
 
-			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			vertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+				[
-				vertexBuffer,
-				new PositionVertex[]
-				{
 					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, -10, -10)),
 					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, -10, -10)),
 					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, 10, -10)),
@@ -92,32 +81,46 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(-10, 10, 10)),
 					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, 10, 10)),
 					new PositionVertex(new Vector3(10, 10, -10))
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
 			);
 
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+			indexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer<ushort>(
-				indexBuffer,
+				[
-				new ushort[]
+					0,  1,  2,  0,  2,  3,
-				{
+					6,  5,  4,  7,  6,  4,
-					 0,  1,  2,  0,  2,  3,
+					8,  9, 10,  8, 10, 11,
-					 6,  5,  4,  7,  6,  4,
-					 8,  9, 10,  8, 10, 11,
 					14, 13, 12, 15, 14, 12,
 					16, 17, 18, 16, 18, 19,
 					22, 21, 20, 23, 22, 20
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Index
 			);
 
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
+
+			cubemap = Texture.CreateTextureCube(
+				GraphicsDevice,
+				16,
+				TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8,
+				TextureUsageFlags.ColorTarget | TextureUsageFlags.Sampler
+			);
+
+			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+
 			// Clear each slice of the cubemap to a different color
 			for (uint i = 0; i < 6; i += 1)
 			{
 				ColorAttachmentInfo attachmentInfo = new ColorAttachmentInfo
 				{
-					Texture = cubemap,
+					TextureSlice = new TextureSlice
+					{
+						Texture = cubemap,
+						Layer = i,
+						MipLevel = 0
+					},
 					ClearColor = colors[i],
-					Depth = 0,
-					Layer = i,
-					Level = 0,
 					LoadOp = LoadOp.Clear,
 					StoreOp = StoreOp.Store
 				};
@@ -155,13 +158,13 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			Texture? backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.Black));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Black));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(pipeline);
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(vertexBuffer);
 				cmdbuf.BindIndexBuffer(indexBuffer, IndexElementSize.Sixteen);
 				cmdbuf.BindFragmentSamplers(new TextureSamplerBinding(cubemap, sampler));
-				uint vertexUniformOffset = cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(vertUniforms);
+				cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(vertUniforms);
-				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 12, vertexUniformOffset, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 12);
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);

RenderTextureMipmaps/RenderTextureMipmapsGame.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-using MoonWorks;
+using MoonWorks.Graphics;
-using MoonWorks.Graphics;
 using MoonWorks.Math.Float;
 
 namespace MoonWorks.Test
@@ -7,8 +6,8 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 	class RenderTextureMipmapsGame : Game
 	{
 		private GraphicsPipeline pipeline;
-		private Buffer vertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer vertexBuffer;
-		private Buffer indexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer indexBuffer;
 		private Texture texture;
 
 		private Sampler[] samplers = new Sampler[5];
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			}
 		}
 
-		public RenderTextureMipmapsGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public RenderTextureMipmapsGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			Logger.LogInfo("Press Left and Right to shrink/expand the scale of the quad");
 			Logger.LogInfo("Press Down to cycle through sampler states");
@@ -83,8 +82,29 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			samplers[4] = new Sampler(GraphicsDevice, samplerCreateInfo);
 
 			// Create and populate the GPU resources
-			vertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionTextureVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 4);
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
-			indexBuffer = Buffer.Create<ushort>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Index, 6);
+
+			vertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
+				[
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 0), new Vector2(1, 0)),
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 1)),
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
+			);
+
+			indexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer<ushort>(
+				[
+					0, 1, 2,
+					0, 2, 3,
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Index
+			);
+
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
+
 			texture = Texture.CreateTexture2D(
 				GraphicsDevice,
 				MainWindow.Width,
@@ -95,37 +115,22 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			);
 
 			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
-				vertexBuffer,
-				new PositionTextureVertex[]
-				{
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 0), new Vector2(1, 0)),
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 1)),
-				}
-			);
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
-				indexBuffer,
-				new ushort[]
-				{
-					0, 1, 2,
-					0, 2, 3,
-				}
-			);
 
 			// Clear each mip level to a different color
 			for (uint i = 0; i < texture.LevelCount; i += 1)
 			{
 				ColorAttachmentInfo attachmentInfo = new ColorAttachmentInfo
 				{
-					Texture = texture,
+					TextureSlice = new TextureSlice
+					{
+						Texture = texture,
+						Layer = 0,
+						MipLevel = i
+					},
 					ClearColor = colors[i],
-					Depth = 0,
-					Layer = 0,
-					Level = i,
 					LoadOp = LoadOp.Clear,
-					StoreOp = StoreOp.Store
+					StoreOp = StoreOp.Store,
+					WriteOption = WriteOptions.Safe
 				};
 				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(attachmentInfo);
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
@@ -161,13 +166,13 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			Texture? backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.Black));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Black));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(pipeline);
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(vertexBuffer);
 				cmdbuf.BindIndexBuffer(indexBuffer, IndexElementSize.Sixteen);
 				cmdbuf.BindFragmentSamplers(new TextureSamplerBinding(texture, samplers[currentSamplerIndex]));
-				uint vertParamOffset = cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(vertUniforms);
+				cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(vertUniforms);
-				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2, vertParamOffset, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2);
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);

StoreLoad/StoreLoadGame.cs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 	{
 		private GraphicsPipeline fillPipeline;
 
-		public StoreLoadGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public StoreLoadGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			ShaderModule vertShaderModule = new ShaderModule(GraphicsDevice, TestUtils.GetShaderPath("RawTriangle.vert"));
 			ShaderModule fragShaderModule = new ShaderModule(GraphicsDevice, TestUtils.GetShaderPath("SolidColor.frag"));
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			Texture? swapchain = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (swapchain != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(swapchain, Color.Blue));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(swapchain, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Blue));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(fillPipeline);
-				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1);
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(swapchain, LoadOp.Load, StoreOp.Store));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(swapchain, WriteOptions.Safe, LoadOp.Load, StoreOp.Store));
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);

Texture3D/Texture3DGame.cs

@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
-using MoonWorks;
+using MoonWorks.Graphics;
-using MoonWorks.Graphics;
 using MoonWorks.Math.Float;
-using RefreshCS;
 
 namespace MoonWorks.Test
 {
 	class Texture3DGame : Game
 	{
 		private GraphicsPipeline pipeline;
-		private Buffer vertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer vertexBuffer;
-		private Buffer indexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer indexBuffer;
 		private Texture texture;
 		private Sampler sampler;
 
@@ -25,7 +23,7 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			}
 		}
 
-		public Texture3DGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public Texture3DGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			Logger.LogInfo("Press Left and Right to cycle between depth slices");
 
@@ -47,47 +45,62 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			sampler = new Sampler(GraphicsDevice, SamplerCreateInfo.PointClamp);
 
 			// Create and populate the GPU resources
-			vertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionTextureVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 4);
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
-			indexBuffer = Buffer.Create<ushort>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Index, 6);
-			texture = Texture.CreateTexture3D(GraphicsDevice, 16, 16, 7, TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8, TextureUsageFlags.Sampler);
 
-			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			vertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+				[
-				vertexBuffer,
-				new PositionTextureVertex[]
-				{
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 0), new Vector2(1, 0)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 1)),
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 1))
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
 			);
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+
-				indexBuffer,
+			indexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer<ushort>(
-				new ushort[]
+				[
-				{
 					0, 1, 2,
 					0, 2, 3,
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Index
+			);
+
+			texture = Texture.CreateTexture3D(
+				GraphicsDevice,
+				16,
+				16,
+				7,
+				TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8,
+				TextureUsageFlags.Sampler
 			);
 
 			// Load each depth subimage of the 3D texture
 			for (uint i = 0; i < texture.Depth; i += 1)
 			{
-				TextureSlice slice = new TextureSlice(
+				var region = new TextureRegion
-					texture,
+				{
-					new Rect(0, 0, (int) texture.Width, (int) texture.Height),
+					TextureSlice = new TextureSlice
-					i
+					{
-				);
+						Texture = texture,
+						MipLevel = 0,
+						Layer = 0
+					},
+					X = 0,
+					Y = 0,
+					Z = i,
+					Width = texture.Width,
+					Height = texture.Height,
+					Depth = 1
+				};
 
-				Texture.SetDataFromImageFile(
+				resourceUploader.SetTextureDataFromCompressed(
-					cmdbuf,
+					region,
-					slice,
 					TestUtils.GetTexturePath($"tex3d_{i}.png")
 				);
 			}
 
-			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
 		}
 
 		protected override void Update(System.TimeSpan delta)
@@ -126,13 +139,13 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			Texture? backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.Black));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Black));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(pipeline);
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(vertexBuffer);
 				cmdbuf.BindIndexBuffer(indexBuffer, IndexElementSize.Sixteen);
 				cmdbuf.BindFragmentSamplers(new TextureSamplerBinding(texture, sampler));
-				uint fragParamOffset = cmdbuf.PushFragmentShaderUniforms(fragUniform);
+				cmdbuf.PushFragmentShaderUniforms(fragUniform);
-				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2, 0, fragParamOffset);
+				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2);
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);

Texture3DCopy/Texture3DCopy.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+using MoonWorks.Graphics;
+using MoonWorks.Math.Float;
+
+namespace MoonWorks.Test
+{
+	class RenderTexture3DGame : Game
+	{
+		private GraphicsPipeline pipeline;
+		private GpuBuffer vertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer indexBuffer;
+		private Texture rt;
+		private Texture texture3D;
+		private Sampler sampler;
+
+		private float t;
+		private Color[] colors = new Color[]
+		{
+			Color.Red,
+			Color.Green,
+			Color.Blue,
+		};
+
+		struct FragUniform
+		{
+			public float Depth;
+
+			public FragUniform(float depth)
+			{
+				Depth = depth;
+			}
+		}
+
+		public RenderTexture3DGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
+		{
+			// Load the shaders
+			ShaderModule vertShaderModule = new ShaderModule(GraphicsDevice, TestUtils.GetShaderPath("TexturedQuad.vert"));
+			ShaderModule fragShaderModule = new ShaderModule(GraphicsDevice, TestUtils.GetShaderPath("TexturedQuad3D.frag"));
+
+			// Create the graphics pipeline
+			GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineCreateInfo = TestUtils.GetStandardGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo(
+				MainWindow.SwapchainFormat,
+				vertShaderModule,
+				fragShaderModule
+			);
+			pipelineCreateInfo.VertexInputState = VertexInputState.CreateSingleBinding<PositionTextureVertex>();
+			pipelineCreateInfo.FragmentShaderInfo = GraphicsShaderInfo.Create<FragUniform>(fragShaderModule, "main", 1);
+			pipeline = new GraphicsPipeline(GraphicsDevice, pipelineCreateInfo);
+
+			// Create samplers
+			sampler = new Sampler(GraphicsDevice, SamplerCreateInfo.LinearWrap);
+
+			// Create and populate the GPU resources
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
+
+			vertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
+				[
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 0), new Vector2(1, 0)),
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
+					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 1)),
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
+			);
+
+			indexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer<ushort>(
+				[
+					0, 1, 2,
+					0, 2, 3,
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Index
+			);
+
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
+
+			rt = Texture.CreateTexture2DArray(
+				GraphicsDevice,
+				16,
+				16,
+				(uint) colors.Length,
+				TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8,
+				TextureUsageFlags.ColorTarget | TextureUsageFlags.Sampler
+			);
+
+			texture3D = new Texture(GraphicsDevice, new TextureCreateInfo
+			{
+				Width = 16,
+				Height = 16,
+				Depth = 3,
+				IsCube = false,
+				LayerCount = 1,
+				LevelCount = 1,
+				SampleCount = SampleCount.One,
+				Format = TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8,
+				UsageFlags = TextureUsageFlags.Sampler
+			});
+
+			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+
+			// Clear each layer slice of the RT to a different color
+			for (uint i = 0; i < colors.Length; i += 1)
+			{
+				ColorAttachmentInfo attachmentInfo = new ColorAttachmentInfo
+				{
+					TextureSlice = new TextureSlice
+					{
+						Texture = rt,
+						Layer = i,
+						MipLevel = 0
+					},
+					ClearColor = colors[i],
+					LoadOp = LoadOp.Clear,
+					StoreOp = StoreOp.Store
+				};
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(attachmentInfo);
+				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
+			}
+
+			// Copy each layer slice to a different 3D depth
+			cmdbuf.BeginCopyPass();
+			for (var i = 0; i < 3; i += 1)
+			{
+				cmdbuf.CopyTextureToTexture(
+					new TextureRegion
+					{
+						TextureSlice = new TextureSlice
+						{
+							Texture = rt,
+							Layer = (uint) i,
+							MipLevel = 0
+						},
+						X = 0,
+						Y = 0,
+						Z = 0,
+						Width = 16,
+						Height = 16,
+						Depth = 1
+					},
+					new TextureRegion
+					{
+						TextureSlice = new TextureSlice
+						{
+							Texture = texture3D,
+							Layer = 0,
+							MipLevel = 0
+						},
+						X = 0,
+						Y = 0,
+						Z = (uint) i,
+						Width = 16,
+						Height = 16,
+						Depth = 1
+					},
+					WriteOptions.Unsafe
+				);
+			}
+			cmdbuf.EndCopyPass();
+
+			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
+		}
+
+		protected override void Update(System.TimeSpan delta) { }
+
+		protected override void Draw(double alpha)
+		{
+			t += 0.01f;
+			FragUniform fragUniform = new FragUniform(t);
+
+			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			Texture? backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
+			if (backbuffer != null)
+			{
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Black));
+				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(pipeline);
+				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(vertexBuffer);
+				cmdbuf.BindIndexBuffer(indexBuffer, IndexElementSize.Sixteen);
+				cmdbuf.BindFragmentSamplers(new TextureSamplerBinding(texture3D, sampler));
+				cmdbuf.PushFragmentShaderUniforms(fragUniform);
+				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2);
+				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
+			}
+			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
+		}
+
+		public static void Main(string[] args)
+		{
+			RenderTexture3DGame game = new RenderTexture3DGame();
+			game.Run();
+		}
+	}
+}

Texture3DCopy/Texture3DCopy.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+	<ItemGroup>
+		<ProjectReference Include="..\..\MoonWorks\MoonWorks.csproj" />
+		<ProjectReference Include="..\MoonWorks.Test.Common\MoonWorks.Test.Common.csproj" />
+	</ItemGroup>
+
+	<PropertyGroup>
+		<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+		<TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
+		<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+	</PropertyGroup>
+
+	<Import Project="$(SolutionDir)NativeAOT_Console.targets" Condition="Exists('$(SolutionDir)NativeAOT_Console.targets')" />
+
+</Project>

TextureMipmaps/TextureMipmapsGame.cs

@@ -1,21 +1,19 @@
-using MoonWorks;
+using MoonWorks.Graphics;
-using MoonWorks.Graphics;
 using MoonWorks.Math.Float;
-using RefreshCS;
 
 namespace MoonWorks.Test
 {
 	class TextureMipmapsGame : Game
 	{
 		private GraphicsPipeline pipeline;
-		private Buffer vertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer vertexBuffer;
-		private Buffer indexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer indexBuffer;
 		private Texture texture;
 		private Sampler sampler;
 
 		private float scale = 0.5f;
 
-		public TextureMipmapsGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public TextureMipmapsGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			Logger.LogInfo("Press Left and Right to shrink/expand the scale of the quad");
 
@@ -34,10 +32,9 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			pipelineCreateInfo.FragmentShaderInfo.SamplerBindingCount = 1;
 			pipeline = new GraphicsPipeline(GraphicsDevice, pipelineCreateInfo);
 
-			// Create and populate the GPU resources
 			sampler = new Sampler(GraphicsDevice, SamplerCreateInfo.PointClamp);
-			vertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionTextureVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 4);
+
-			indexBuffer = Buffer.Create<ushort>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Index, 6);
+			// Create and populate the GPU resources
 			texture = Texture.CreateTexture2D(
 				GraphicsDevice,
 				256,
@@ -47,43 +44,55 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 				4
 			);
 
-			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+
-				vertexBuffer,
+			vertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
-				new PositionTextureVertex[]
+				[
-				{
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 0), new Vector2(1, 0)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 1)),
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
 			);
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+
-				indexBuffer,
+			indexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer<ushort>(
-				new ushort[]
+				[
-				{
 					0, 1, 2,
-					0, 2, 3,
+					0, 2, 3
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Index
 			);
 
 			// Set the various mip levels
-			for (int i = 0; i < texture.LevelCount; i += 1)
+			for (uint i = 0; i < texture.LevelCount; i += 1)
 			{
-				int w = (int) texture.Width >> i;
+				var w = texture.Width >> (int) i;
-				int h = (int) texture.Height >> i;
+				var h = texture.Height >> (int) i;
-				TextureSlice slice = new TextureSlice(
+				var region = new TextureRegion
-					texture,
+				{
-					new Rect(0, 0, w, h),
+					TextureSlice = new TextureSlice
-					0,
+					{
-					0,
+						Texture = texture,
-					(uint) i
+						Layer = 0,
-				);
+						MipLevel = i
+					},
+					X = 0,
+					Y = 0,
+					Z = 0,
+					Width = w,
+					Height = h,
+					Depth = 1
+				};
 
-				Texture.SetDataFromImageFile(cmdbuf, slice, TestUtils.GetTexturePath($"mip{i}.png"));
+				resourceUploader.SetTextureDataFromCompressed(
+					region,
+					TestUtils.GetTexturePath($"mip{i}.png")
+				);
 			}
 
-			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
 		}
 
 		protected override void Update(System.TimeSpan delta)
@@ -107,13 +116,13 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			Texture? backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.Black));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Black));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(pipeline);
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(vertexBuffer);
 				cmdbuf.BindIndexBuffer(indexBuffer, IndexElementSize.Sixteen);
 				cmdbuf.BindFragmentSamplers(new TextureSamplerBinding(texture, sampler));
-				uint vertParamOffset = cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(vertUniforms);
+				cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(vertUniforms);
-				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2, vertParamOffset, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2);
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);

TexturedAnimatedQuad/TexturedAnimatedQuadGame.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
-using MoonWorks;
 using MoonWorks.Graphics;
 using MoonWorks.Math.Float;
 
@@ -8,8 +7,8 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 	class TexturedAnimatedQuadGame : Game
 	{
 		private GraphicsPipeline pipeline;
-		private Buffer vertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer vertexBuffer;
-		private Buffer indexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer indexBuffer;
 		private Texture texture;
 		private Sampler sampler;
 
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			}
 		}
 
-		public TexturedAnimatedQuadGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public TexturedAnimatedQuadGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			// Load the shaders
 			ShaderModule vertShaderModule = new ShaderModule(GraphicsDevice, TestUtils.GetShaderPath("TexturedQuadWithMatrix.vert"));
@@ -44,32 +43,33 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			pipelineCreateInfo.FragmentShaderInfo = GraphicsShaderInfo.Create<FragmentUniforms>(fragShaderModule, "main", 1);
 			pipeline = new GraphicsPipeline(GraphicsDevice, pipelineCreateInfo);
 
-			// Create and populate the GPU resources
-			vertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionTextureVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 4);
-			indexBuffer = Buffer.Create<ushort>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Index, 6);
 			sampler = new Sampler(GraphicsDevice, SamplerCreateInfo.PointClamp);
 
-			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			// Create and populate the GPU resources
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
-				vertexBuffer,
+
-				new PositionTextureVertex[]
+			vertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
-				{
+				[
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(0.5f, -0.5f, 0), new Vector2(1, 0)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(0.5f, 0.5f, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0), new Vector2(0, 1)),
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
 			);
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+
-				indexBuffer,
+			indexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer<ushort>(
-				new ushort[]
+				[
-				{
 					0, 1, 2,
 					0, 2, 3,
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Index
 			);
-			texture = Texture.FromImageFile(GraphicsDevice, cmdbuf, TestUtils.GetTexturePath("ravioli.png"));
+
-			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
+			texture = resourceUploader.CreateTexture2DFromCompressed(TestUtils.GetTexturePath("ravioli.png"));
+
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
 		}
 
 		protected override void Update(System.TimeSpan delta)
@@ -81,13 +81,12 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 		{
 			TransformVertexUniform vertUniforms;
 			FragmentUniforms fragUniforms;
-			uint vertParamOffset, fragParamOffset;
 
 			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
 			Texture? backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.Black));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Black));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(pipeline);
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(vertexBuffer);
 				cmdbuf.BindIndexBuffer(indexBuffer, IndexElementSize.Sixteen);
@@ -96,30 +95,30 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 				// Top-left
 				vertUniforms = new TransformVertexUniform(Matrix4x4.CreateRotationZ(t) * Matrix4x4.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0)));
 				fragUniforms = new FragmentUniforms(new Vector4(1f, 0.5f + System.MathF.Sin(t) * 0.5f, 1f, 1f));
-				vertParamOffset = cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(vertUniforms);
+				cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(vertUniforms);
-				fragParamOffset = cmdbuf.PushFragmentShaderUniforms(fragUniforms);
+				cmdbuf.PushFragmentShaderUniforms(fragUniforms);
-				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2, vertParamOffset, fragParamOffset);
+				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2);
 
 				// Top-right
 				vertUniforms = new TransformVertexUniform(Matrix4x4.CreateRotationZ((2 * System.MathF.PI) - t) * Matrix4x4.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(0.5f, -0.5f, 0)));
 				fragUniforms = new FragmentUniforms(new Vector4(1f, 0.5f + System.MathF.Cos(t) * 0.5f, 1f, 1f));
-				vertParamOffset = cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(vertUniforms);
+				cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(vertUniforms);
-				fragParamOffset = cmdbuf.PushFragmentShaderUniforms(fragUniforms);
+				cmdbuf.PushFragmentShaderUniforms(fragUniforms);
-				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2, vertParamOffset, fragParamOffset);
+				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2);
 
 				// Bottom-left
 				vertUniforms = new TransformVertexUniform(Matrix4x4.CreateRotationZ(t) * Matrix4x4.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0)));
 				fragUniforms = new FragmentUniforms(new Vector4(1f, 0.5f + System.MathF.Sin(t) * 0.2f, 1f, 1f));
-				vertParamOffset = cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(vertUniforms);
+				cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(vertUniforms);
-				fragParamOffset = cmdbuf.PushFragmentShaderUniforms(fragUniforms);
+				cmdbuf.PushFragmentShaderUniforms(fragUniforms);
-				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2, vertParamOffset, fragParamOffset);
+				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2);
 
 				// Bottom-right
 				vertUniforms = new TransformVertexUniform(Matrix4x4.CreateRotationZ(t) * Matrix4x4.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(0.5f, 0.5f, 0)));
 				fragUniforms = new FragmentUniforms(new Vector4(1f, 0.5f + System.MathF.Cos(t) * 1f, 1f, 1f));
-				vertParamOffset = cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(vertUniforms);
+				cmdbuf.PushVertexShaderUniforms(vertUniforms);
-				fragParamOffset = cmdbuf.PushFragmentShaderUniforms(fragUniforms);
+				cmdbuf.PushFragmentShaderUniforms(fragUniforms);
-				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2, vertParamOffset, fragParamOffset);
+				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2);
 
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}

TexturedQuad/TexturedQuadGame.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using MoonWorks;
+using System;
 using MoonWorks.Graphics;
 using MoonWorks.Math.Float;
 
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 	class TexturedQuadGame : Game
 	{
 		private GraphicsPipeline pipeline;
-		private Buffer vertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer vertexBuffer;
-		private Buffer indexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer indexBuffer;
 		private Sampler[] samplers = new Sampler[6];
 		private string[] samplerNames = new string[]
 		{
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 
 		private System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch stopwatch = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();
 
-		public TexturedQuadGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public TexturedQuadGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			Logger.LogInfo("Press Left and Right to cycle between sampler states");
 			Logger.LogInfo("Setting sampler state to: " + samplerNames[0]);
@@ -71,34 +71,32 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			samplers[4] = new Sampler(GraphicsDevice, SamplerCreateInfo.AnisotropicClamp);
 			samplers[5] = new Sampler(GraphicsDevice, SamplerCreateInfo.AnisotropicWrap);
 
-			// Create and populate the GPU resources
+			var vertexData = new Span<PositionTextureVertex>([
-			vertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionTextureVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 4);
+				new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
-			indexBuffer = Buffer.Create<ushort>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Index, 6);
+				new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 0), new Vector2(4, 0)),
+				new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(4, 4)),
+				new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 4)),
+			]);
 
-			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			var indexData = new Span<ushort>([
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+				0, 1, 2,
-				vertexBuffer,
+				0, 2, 3,
-				new PositionTextureVertex[]
+			]);
-				{
+
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
+			// Create and populate the GPU resources
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 0), new Vector2(4, 0)),
+
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(4, 4)),
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
-					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 4)),
+
-				}
+			vertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(vertexData, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex);
-			);
+			indexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(indexData, BufferUsageFlags.Index);
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+
-				indexBuffer,
+			textures[0] = resourceUploader.CreateTexture2DFromCompressed(TestUtils.GetTexturePath("ravioli.png"));
-				new ushort[]
+			textures[1] = resourceUploader.CreateTexture2DFromCompressed(pngBytes);
-				{
+			textures[2] = resourceUploader.CreateTexture2DFromCompressed(TestUtils.GetTexturePath("ravioli.qoi"));
-					0, 1, 2,
+			textures[3] = resourceUploader.CreateTexture2DFromCompressed(qoiBytes);
-					0, 2, 3,
+
-				}
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
-			);
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
-			textures[0] = Texture.FromImageFile(GraphicsDevice, cmdbuf, TestUtils.GetTexturePath("ravioli.png"));
-			textures[1] = Texture.FromImageBytes(GraphicsDevice, cmdbuf, pngBytes);
-			textures[2] = Texture.FromImageFile(GraphicsDevice, cmdbuf, TestUtils.GetTexturePath("ravioli.qoi"));
-			textures[3] = Texture.FromImageBytes(GraphicsDevice, cmdbuf, qoiBytes);
-			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
 		}
 
 		protected override void Update(System.TimeSpan delta)
@@ -147,12 +145,12 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			Texture? backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.Black));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Black));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(pipeline);
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(vertexBuffer);
 				cmdbuf.BindIndexBuffer(indexBuffer, IndexElementSize.Sixteen);
 				cmdbuf.BindFragmentSamplers(new TextureSamplerBinding(textures[currentTextureIndex], samplers[currentSamplerIndex]));
-				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2);
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);

TriangleVertexBuffer/TriangleVertexBufferGame.cs

@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 	class TriangleVertexBufferGame : Game
 	{
 		private GraphicsPipeline pipeline;
-		private Buffer vertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer vertexBuffer;
 
-		public TriangleVertexBufferGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public TriangleVertexBufferGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			// Load the shaders
 			ShaderModule vertShaderModule = new ShaderModule(GraphicsDevice, TestUtils.GetShaderPath("PositionColor.vert"));
@@ -25,19 +25,19 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			pipeline = new GraphicsPipeline(GraphicsDevice, pipelineCreateInfo);
 
 			// Create and populate the vertex buffer
-			vertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionColorVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 3);
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
 
-			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			vertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+				[
-				vertexBuffer,
-				new PositionColorVertex[]
-				{
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), Color.Red),
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), Color.Lime),
 					new PositionColorVertex(new Vector3(0, -1, 0), Color.Blue),
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
 			);
-			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
+
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
 		}
 
 		protected override void Update(System.TimeSpan delta) { }
@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			Texture? backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.Black));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Black));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(pipeline);
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(vertexBuffer);
-				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1);
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);

VertexSampler/VertexSamplerGame.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using MoonWorks;
+using System;
+using MoonWorks;
 using MoonWorks.Graphics;
 using MoonWorks.Math.Float;
 
@@ -7,11 +8,11 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 	class VertexSamplerGame : Game
 	{
 		private GraphicsPipeline pipeline;
-		private Buffer vertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer vertexBuffer;
 		private Texture texture;
 		private Sampler sampler;
 
-		public VertexSamplerGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public VertexSamplerGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			// Load the shaders
 			ShaderModule vertShaderModule = new ShaderModule(GraphicsDevice, TestUtils.GetShaderPath("PositionSampler.vert"));
@@ -28,22 +29,27 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			pipeline = new GraphicsPipeline(GraphicsDevice, pipelineCreateInfo);
 
 			// Create and populate the GPU resources
-			vertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionTextureVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 3);
-			texture = Texture.CreateTexture2D(GraphicsDevice, 3, 1, TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8, TextureUsageFlags.Sampler);
 			sampler = new Sampler(GraphicsDevice, SamplerCreateInfo.PointClamp);
 
-			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+
-				vertexBuffer,
+			vertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
-				new PositionTextureVertex[]
+				[
-				{
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0.334f, 0)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(0, -1, 0), new Vector2(0.667f, 0)),
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
 			);
-			cmdbuf.SetTextureData(texture, new Color[] { Color.Yellow, Color.Indigo, Color.HotPink });
+
-			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
+			texture = resourceUploader.CreateTexture2D(
+				new Span<Color>([Color.Yellow, Color.Indigo, Color.HotPink]),
+				3,
+				1
+			);
+
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
 		}
 
 		protected override void Update(System.TimeSpan delta) { }
@@ -54,11 +60,11 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			Texture? backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.Black));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Black));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(pipeline);
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(vertexBuffer);
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexSamplers(new TextureSamplerBinding(texture, sampler));
-				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1);
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);

VideoPlayer/VideoPlayerGame.cs

@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 	{
 		private GraphicsPipeline pipeline;
 		private Sampler sampler;
-		private Buffer vertexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer vertexBuffer;
-		private Buffer indexBuffer;
+		private GpuBuffer indexBuffer;
 
 		private Video.VideoAV1 video;
 		private VideoPlayer videoPlayer;
 
-		public VideoPlayerGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public VideoPlayerGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			// Load the shaders
 			ShaderModule vertShaderModule = new ShaderModule(GraphicsDevice, TestUtils.GetShaderPath("TexturedQuad.vert"));
@@ -34,29 +34,28 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			sampler = new Sampler(GraphicsDevice, SamplerCreateInfo.LinearClamp);
 
 			// Create and populate the GPU resources
-			vertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<PositionTextureVertex>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, 4);
+			var resourceUploader = new ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice);
-			indexBuffer = Buffer.Create<ushort>(GraphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Index, 6);
 
-			CommandBuffer cmdbuf = GraphicsDevice.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+			vertexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer(
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+				[
-				vertexBuffer,
-				new PositionTextureVertex[]
-				{
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, -1, 0), new Vector2(0, 0)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, -1, 0), new Vector2(1, 0)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1)),
 					new PositionTextureVertex(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 1)),
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Vertex
 			);
-			cmdbuf.SetBufferData(
+
-				indexBuffer,
+			indexBuffer = resourceUploader.CreateBuffer<ushort>(
-				new ushort[]
+				[
-				{
 					0, 1, 2,
 					0, 2, 3,
-				}
+				],
+				BufferUsageFlags.Index
 			);
-			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);
+
+			resourceUploader.Upload();
+			resourceUploader.Dispose();
 
 			// Load the video
 			video = new VideoAV1(GraphicsDevice, TestUtils.GetVideoPath("hello.obu"), 25);
@@ -79,12 +78,12 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			Texture? backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.CornflowerBlue));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.CornflowerBlue));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(pipeline);
 				cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(vertexBuffer);
 				cmdbuf.BindIndexBuffer(indexBuffer, IndexElementSize.Sixteen);
 				cmdbuf.BindFragmentSamplers(new TextureSamplerBinding(videoPlayer.RenderTexture, sampler));
-				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawIndexedPrimitives(0, 0, 2);
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);

WindowResizing/WindowResizingGame.cs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			new Res(3840, 2160),
 		};
 
-		public WindowResizingGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), 60, true)
+		public WindowResizingGame() : base(TestUtils.GetStandardWindowCreateInfo(), TestUtils.GetStandardFrameLimiterSettings(), TestUtils.PreferredBackends, 60, true)
 		{
 			ShaderModule vertShaderModule = new ShaderModule(GraphicsDevice, TestUtils.GetShaderPath("RawTriangle.vert"));
 			ShaderModule fragShaderModule = new ShaderModule(GraphicsDevice, TestUtils.GetShaderPath("SolidColor.frag"));
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ namespace MoonWorks.Test
 			Texture? backbuffer = cmdbuf.AcquireSwapchainTexture(MainWindow);
 			if (backbuffer != null)
 			{
-				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, Color.Black));
+				cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(new ColorAttachmentInfo(backbuffer, WriteOptions.Cycle, Color.Black));
 				cmdbuf.BindGraphicsPipeline(pipeline);
-				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1, 0, 0);
+				cmdbuf.DrawPrimitives(0, 1);
 				cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
 			}
 			GraphicsDevice.Submit(cmdbuf);