fix crash on 0 instance

.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*.fxb filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text

Cameras/Camera.cs

@@ -2,22 +2,41 @@ using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
 
 namespace Kav
 {
-    public struct Camera
+    public struct PerspectiveCamera
     {
-        public Matrix Transform { get; }
+        public Matrix View { get; }
-        public Matrix View
-        {
-            get
-            {
-                return Matrix.CreateLookAt(Transform.Translation, Transform.Translation + Transform.Forward, Transform.Up);
-            }
-        }
         public Matrix Projection { get; }
 
-        public Camera(Matrix transform, Matrix projection)
+        public Vector3 Position { get; }
-        {
+        public Vector3 Forward { get; }
-            Transform = transform;
+        public Vector3 Up { get; }
-            Projection = projection;
+        public Vector3 Right { get; }
+
+        public float FieldOfView { get; }
+        public float AspectRatio { get; }
+        public float NearPlane { get; }
+        public float FarPlane { get; }
+
+        public PerspectiveCamera(
+            Vector3 position,
+            Vector3 forward,
+            Vector3 up,
+            float fieldOfView,
+            float aspectRatio,
+            float nearPlane,
+            float farPlane
+        ) {
+            Position = position;
+            Forward = forward;
+            Up = up;
+            Right = Vector3.Cross(forward, up);
+            View = Matrix.CreateLookAt(Position, Position + Forward, Up);
+
+            FieldOfView = fieldOfView;
+            AspectRatio = aspectRatio;
+            NearPlane = nearPlane;
+            FarPlane = farPlane;
+            Projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(FieldOfView, AspectRatio, NearPlane, FarPlane);
         }
     }
 }

Data/AtlasAnimation.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public struct AtlasAnimation
+    {
+        public UVData[] Frames { get; }
+        public int Framerate { get; }
+
+        public AtlasAnimation(UVData[] frames, int framerate)
+        {
+            Frames = frames;
+            Framerate = framerate;
+        }
+    }
+}

Data/InstanceData.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public class InstanceData<T> where T : struct, IVertexType
+    {
+        public T[] InstanceDataArray { get; }
+        public DynamicVertexBuffer VertexBuffer { get; }
+        public int InstanceCount { get; private set; }
+
+        public InstanceData(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice, int size)
+        {
+            InstanceDataArray = new T[size];
+
+            VertexBuffer = new DynamicVertexBuffer(
+                graphicsDevice,
+                typeof(T),
+                size,
+                BufferUsage.WriteOnly
+            );
+
+            InstanceCount = 0;
+        }
+
+        public void AddAndSetData(IEnumerable<T> data)
+        {
+            InstanceCount = 0;
+            foreach (var datum in data)
+            {
+                AddData(datum);
+            }
+
+            if (InstanceCount == 0) { throw new System.Exception(); }
+
+            SetData();
+        }
+
+        public void AddData(T datum)
+        {
+            InstanceDataArray[InstanceCount] = datum;
+            InstanceCount += 1;
+        }
+
+        public void SetData()
+        {
+            if (InstanceCount > 0)
+            {
+                VertexBuffer.SetData(
+                    InstanceDataArray,
+                    0,
+                    InstanceCount,
+                    SetDataOptions.NoOverwrite
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void Clear()
+        {
+            InstanceCount = 0;
+        }
+    }
+}

Data/MeshSpriteDrawData.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
+
+namespace Kav.Data
+{
+    public struct MeshSpriteDrawData : IIndexDrawable, ICullable, ITransformable
+    {
+        public SpriteMesh MeshSprite { get; }
+        public Texture2D Texture { get; }
+        public Texture2D Normal { get; }
+        public SpriteBillboardConstraint BillboardConstraint { get; }
+        public Matrix TransformMatrix { get; }
+        public UVData UVOffset { get; }
+
+        public IndexBuffer IndexBuffer => MeshSprite.IndexBuffer;
+        public VertexBuffer VertexBuffer => MeshSprite.VertexBuffer;
+        public BoundingBox BoundingBox => MeshSprite.BoundingBox;
+
+        public MeshSpriteDrawData(
+            SpriteMesh meshSprite,
+            Texture2D texture,
+            Texture2D normal,
+            SpriteBillboardConstraint billboardConstraint,
+            Matrix transformMatrix,
+            UVData offset
+        ) {
+            MeshSprite = meshSprite;
+            Texture = texture;
+            Normal = normal;
+            BillboardConstraint = billboardConstraint;
+            TransformMatrix = transformMatrix;
+            UVOffset = offset;
+        }
+    }
+}

Data/TextureAtlas.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+using Kav.Data;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public struct TextureAtlasSlice
+    {
+        public int X { get; }
+        public int Y { get; }
+        public int W { get; }
+        public int H { get; }
+
+        public UVData UVData { get; }
+
+        // for use with tiling
+        public Vector2 TiledUVOffset { get; }
+
+        public TextureAtlasSlice(int x, int y, int w, int h, int totalW, int totalH)
+        {
+            X = x;
+            Y = y;
+            W = w;
+            H = h;
+
+            UVData = new UVData(new Vector2(x, y), new Vector2(w, h), new Vector2(totalW, totalH));
+
+            TiledUVOffset = new Vector2(x / (float)totalW, y / (float)totalH);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class TextureAtlas
+    {
+        public Texture2D Texture { get; }
+        protected List<string> Names { get; } = new List<string>();
+        protected Dictionary<string, TextureAtlasSlice> Slices { get; } = new Dictionary<string, TextureAtlasSlice>();
+
+        public TextureAtlas(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice, FileInfo atlasMetadataFile)
+        {
+            var atlasData = CrunchAtlasReader.ReadTextureAtlas(atlasMetadataFile);
+
+            var textureData = atlasData.Textures[0];
+
+            using var stream = File.OpenRead(Path.Combine(atlasMetadataFile.DirectoryName, textureData.Name + ".png"));
+            Texture = Texture2D.FromStream(graphicsDevice, stream);
+
+            foreach (var slice in textureData.Images)
+            {
+                Names.Add(slice.N);
+
+                Slices.Add(
+                    slice.N,
+                    new TextureAtlasSlice(
+                        slice.X,
+                        slice.Y,
+                        slice.W,
+                        slice.H,
+                        Texture.Width,
+                        Texture.Height
+                    )
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        public TextureAtlasSlice Lookup(string name)
+        {
+            return Slices[name];
+        }
+
+        public string Name(int index)
+        {
+            return Names[index];
+        }
+
+        public int Count()
+        {
+            return Names.Count;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Assumes all subimages are the same size
+    public class TiledTextureAtlas : TextureAtlas
+    {
+        public int NumRows { get; }
+        public int NumColumns { get; }
+
+        public TiledTextureAtlas(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice, FileInfo atlasMetadataFile) : base(graphicsDevice, atlasMetadataFile)
+        {
+            var subImageSlice = Slices[Names[0]];
+            NumRows = Texture.Height / subImageSlice.H;
+            NumColumns = Texture.Width / subImageSlice.W;
+        }
+    }
+}

Data/UVData.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public struct UVData
+    {
+        public Vector2 Offset { get; }
+        public Vector2 Percentage { get; }
+
+        public UVData(
+            Vector2 positionInAtlas,
+            Vector2 subTextureDimensions,
+            Vector2 atlasDimensions
+        ) {
+            Percentage = subTextureDimensions / atlasDimensions;
+            Offset = positionInAtlas / atlasDimensions;
+        }
+    }
+}

DirectionalShadowMapData.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public class DirectionalShadowMapData
+    {
+        public static readonly int MAX_SHADOW_CASCADES = 4;
+
+        public RenderTarget2D[] ShadowMaps { get; }
+
+        public Matrix[] LightSpaceViews { get; }
+        public Matrix[] LightSpaceProjections { get; }
+
+        public float[] CascadeFarPlanes { get; }
+
+        public int ShadowMapSize { get; }
+        public int NumShadowCascades { get; }
+
+        internal DirectionalShadowMapData(
+            GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice,
+            int shadowMapSize,
+            int numCascades
+        ) {
+            ShadowMapSize = shadowMapSize;
+            NumShadowCascades = (int)MathHelper.Clamp(numCascades, 1, MAX_SHADOW_CASCADES);
+
+            LightSpaceViews = new Matrix[4];
+            LightSpaceProjections = new Matrix[4];
+
+            ShadowMaps = new RenderTarget2D[NumShadowCascades];
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < NumShadowCascades; i++)
+            {
+                ShadowMaps[i] = new RenderTarget2D(
+                    graphicsDevice,
+                    shadowMapSize,
+                    shadowMapSize,
+                    false,
+                    SurfaceFormat.Single,
+                    DepthFormat.Depth24,
+                    0,
+                    RenderTargetUsage.PreserveContents
+                );
+            }
+
+            CascadeFarPlanes = new float[MAX_SHADOW_CASCADES];
+        }
+
+        public void Clear(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice)
+        {
+            foreach (var shadowMap in ShadowMaps)
+            {
+                graphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(shadowMap);
+                graphicsDevice.Clear(Color.White);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

EffectInterfaces/DirectionalLightEffect.cs

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-namespace Kav
-{
-    public interface DirectionalLightEffect
-    {
-        int MaxDirectionalLights { get; }
-        DirectionalLightCollection DirectionalLights { get; }
-    }
-}

EffectInterfaces/IHasTranslation.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public interface IHasTranslation
+    {
+        Vector3 Translation { get; set; }
+    }
+}

EffectInterfaces/IHasWorldMatrix.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public interface IHasWorldMatrix
+    {
+        Matrix World { get; set; }
+    }
+}

EffectInterfaces/ShadowCascadeEffect.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public interface ShadowCascadeEffect
+    {
+        Matrix LightSpaceMatrixOne { get; set; }
+        Matrix LightSpaceMatrixTwo { get; set; }
+        Matrix LightSpaceMatrixThree { get; set; }
+        Matrix LightSpaceMatrixFour { get; set; }
+
+        float[] CascadeFarPlanes { get; }
+    }
+}

Effects/DeferredPBREffect.cs

@@ -10,15 +10,47 @@ namespace Kav
         EffectParameter gNormalParam;
         EffectParameter gMetallicRoughnessParam;
 
+        EffectParameter shadowMapOneParam;
+        EffectParameter shadowMapTwoParam;
+        EffectParameter shadowMapThreeParam;
+        EffectParameter shadowMapFourParam;
+
+        EffectParameter lightSpaceMatrixOneParam;
+        EffectParameter lightSpaceMatrixTwoParam;
+        EffectParameter lightSpaceMatrixThreeParam;
+        EffectParameter lightSpaceMatrixFourParam;
+
+        EffectParameter viewMatrixParam;
+        EffectParameter cascadeFarPlanesParam;
+
+        EffectParameter directionalLightColorParam;
+        EffectParameter directionalLightDirectionParam;
+
         EffectParameter eyePositionParam;
+
         PointLightCollection pointLightCollection;
-        DirectionalLightCollection directionalLightCollection;
 
         public Texture2D GPosition { get; set; }
         public Texture2D GAlbedo { get; set; }
         public Texture2D GNormal { get; set; }
         public Texture2D GMetallicRoughness { get; set; }
 
+        public Texture2D ShadowMapOne { get; set; }
+        public Texture2D ShadowMapTwo { get; set; }
+        public Texture2D ShadowMapThree { get; set; }
+        public Texture2D ShadowMapFour { get; set; }
+
+        public Matrix LightSpaceMatrixOne { get; set; }
+        public Matrix LightSpaceMatrixTwo { get; set; }
+        public Matrix LightSpaceMatrixThree { get; set; }
+        public Matrix LightSpaceMatrixFour { get; set; }
+
+        public Matrix ViewMatrix { get; set; }
+        public readonly float[] CascadeFarPlanes;
+
+        public Vector3 DirectionalLightColor { get; set; }
+        public Vector3 DirectionalLightDirection { get; set; }
+
         public Vector3 EyePosition { get; set; }
 
         public int MaxPointLights { get; } = 64;
@@ -29,16 +61,10 @@ namespace Kav
             private set { pointLightCollection = value; }
         }
 
-        public int MaxDirectionalLights { get; } = 4;
-
-        public DirectionalLightCollection DirectionalLights
-        {
-            get { return directionalLightCollection; }
-            private set { directionalLightCollection = value; }
-        }
-
         public DeferredPBREffect(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) : base(graphicsDevice, Resources.DeferredPBREffect)
         {
+            CascadeFarPlanes = new float[4];
+
             CacheEffectParameters();
 
             pointLightCollection = new PointLightCollection(
@@ -46,47 +72,6 @@ namespace Kav
                 Parameters["PointLightColors"],
                 MaxPointLights
             );
-
-            DirectionalLights = new DirectionalLightCollection(
-                Parameters["DirectionalLightDirections"],
-                Parameters["DirectionalLightColors"]
-            );
-        }
-
-        protected DeferredPBREffect(DeferredPBREffect cloneSource) : base(cloneSource)
-        {
-            GPosition = cloneSource.GPosition;
-            GAlbedo = cloneSource.GAlbedo;
-            GNormal = cloneSource.GNormal;
-            GMetallicRoughness = cloneSource.GMetallicRoughness;
-
-            EyePosition = cloneSource.EyePosition;
-
-            PointLights = new PointLightCollection(
-                Parameters["LightPositions"],
-                Parameters["PositionLightColors"],
-                MaxPointLights
-            );
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < MaxPointLights; i++)
-            {
-                PointLights[i] = cloneSource.PointLights[i];
-            }
-
-            DirectionalLights = new DirectionalLightCollection(
-                Parameters["DirectionalLightDirections"],
-                Parameters["DirectionalLightColors"]
-            );
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < MaxDirectionalLights; i++)
-            {
-                DirectionalLights[i] = cloneSource.DirectionalLights[i];
-            }
-        }
-
-        public override Effect Clone()
-        {
-            return new DeferredPBREffect(this);
         }
 
         protected override void OnApply()
@@ -96,17 +81,49 @@ namespace Kav
             gNormalParam.SetValue(GNormal);
             gMetallicRoughnessParam.SetValue(GMetallicRoughness);
 
+            shadowMapOneParam.SetValue(ShadowMapOne);
+            shadowMapTwoParam.SetValue(ShadowMapTwo);
+            shadowMapThreeParam.SetValue(ShadowMapThree);
+            shadowMapFourParam.SetValue(ShadowMapFour);
+
+            lightSpaceMatrixOneParam.SetValue(LightSpaceMatrixOne);
+            lightSpaceMatrixTwoParam.SetValue(LightSpaceMatrixTwo);
+            lightSpaceMatrixThreeParam.SetValue(LightSpaceMatrixThree);
+            lightSpaceMatrixFourParam.SetValue(LightSpaceMatrixFour);
+
+            viewMatrixParam.SetValue(ViewMatrix);
+            cascadeFarPlanesParam.SetValue(CascadeFarPlanes);
+
+            directionalLightColorParam.SetValue(DirectionalLightColor);
+            directionalLightDirectionParam.SetValue(DirectionalLightDirection);
+
             eyePositionParam.SetValue(EyePosition);
         }
 
         void CacheEffectParameters()
         {
-            gPositionParam = Parameters["gPosition"];
+            gPositionParam                 = Parameters["gPosition"];
-            gAlbedoParam = Parameters["gAlbedo"];
+            gAlbedoParam                   = Parameters["gAlbedo"];
-            gNormalParam = Parameters["gNormal"];
+            gNormalParam                   = Parameters["gNormal"];
-            gMetallicRoughnessParam = Parameters["gMetallicRoughness"];
+            gMetallicRoughnessParam        = Parameters["gMetallicRoughness"];
 
-            eyePositionParam = Parameters["EyePosition"];
+            shadowMapOneParam              = Parameters["shadowMapOne"];
+            shadowMapTwoParam              = Parameters["shadowMapTwo"];
+            shadowMapThreeParam            = Parameters["shadowMapThree"];
+            shadowMapFourParam             = Parameters["shadowMapFour"];
+
+            lightSpaceMatrixOneParam       = Parameters["LightSpaceMatrixOne"];
+            lightSpaceMatrixTwoParam       = Parameters["LightSpaceMatrixTwo"];
+            lightSpaceMatrixThreeParam     = Parameters["LightSpaceMatrixThree"];
+            lightSpaceMatrixFourParam      = Parameters["LightSpaceMatrixFour"];
+
+            viewMatrixParam                = Parameters["ViewMatrix"];
+            cascadeFarPlanesParam          = Parameters["CascadeFarPlanes"];
+
+            directionalLightDirectionParam = Parameters["DirectionalLightDirection"];
+            directionalLightColorParam     = Parameters["DirectionalLightColor"];
+
+            eyePositionParam               = Parameters["EyePosition"];
         }
     }
 }

Effects/DeferredPBR_AmbientLightEffect.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+
+    public class DeferredPBR_AmbientLightEffect : Effect
+    {
+        EffectParameter gPositionParam;
+        EffectParameter gAlbedoParam;
+
+        EffectParameter ambientColorParam;
+
+        public Texture2D GPosition { get; set; }
+        public Texture2D GAlbedo { get; set; }
+
+        public Vector3 AmbientColor { get; set; }
+
+        public DeferredPBR_AmbientLightEffect(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) : base(graphicsDevice, Resources.DeferredPBR_AmbientLightEffect)
+        {
+            CacheEffectParameters();
+        }
+
+        protected override void OnApply()
+        {
+            gPositionParam.SetValue(GPosition);
+            gAlbedoParam.SetValue(GAlbedo);
+            ambientColorParam.SetValue(AmbientColor);
+        }
+
+        void CacheEffectParameters()
+        {
+            gPositionParam    = Parameters["gPosition"];
+            gAlbedoParam      = Parameters["gAlbedo"];
+            ambientColorParam = Parameters["AmbientLightColor"];
+        }
+    }
+}

Effects/DeferredPBR_DirectionalLightEffect.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public class DeferredPBR_DirectionalLightEffect : Effect, ShadowCascadeEffect
+    {
+        EffectParameter gPositionParam;
+        EffectParameter gAlbedoParam;
+        EffectParameter gNormalParam;
+        EffectParameter gMetallicRoughnessParam;
+
+        EffectParameter shadowMapOneParam;
+        EffectParameter shadowMapTwoParam;
+        EffectParameter shadowMapThreeParam;
+        EffectParameter shadowMapFourParam;
+
+        EffectParameter eyePositionParam;
+
+        EffectParameter directionalLightColorParam;
+        EffectParameter directionalLightDirectionParam;
+
+        EffectParameter cascadeFarPlanesParam;
+
+        EffectParameter shadowMapSizeParam;
+
+        EffectParameter lightSpaceMatrixOneParam;
+        EffectParameter lightSpaceMatrixTwoParam;
+        EffectParameter lightSpaceMatrixThreeParam;
+        EffectParameter lightSpaceMatrixFourParam;
+
+        EffectParameter viewMatrixParam;
+
+        public Texture2D GPosition { get; set; }
+        public Texture2D GAlbedo { get; set; }
+        public Texture2D GNormal { get; set; }
+        public Texture2D GMetallicRoughness { get; set; }
+
+        public Texture2D ShadowMapOne { get; set; }
+        public Texture2D ShadowMapTwo { get; set; }
+        public Texture2D ShadowMapThree { get; set; }
+        public Texture2D ShadowMapFour { get; set; }
+
+        public Vector3 EyePosition { get; set; }
+
+        public Vector3 DirectionalLightDirection { get; set; }
+        public Vector3 DirectionalLightColor { get; set; }
+
+        public float[] CascadeFarPlanes { get; }
+
+        public int ShadowMapSize { get; set; }
+
+        public Matrix LightSpaceMatrixOne { get; set; }
+        public Matrix LightSpaceMatrixTwo { get; set; }
+        public Matrix LightSpaceMatrixThree { get; set; }
+        public Matrix LightSpaceMatrixFour { get; set; }
+
+        public Matrix ViewMatrix { get; set; }
+
+        public DeferredPBR_DirectionalLightEffect(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) : base(graphicsDevice, Resources.DeferredPBR_DirectionalLightEffect)
+        {
+            CascadeFarPlanes = new float[4];
+            CacheEffectParameters();
+        }
+
+        public DeferredPBR_DirectionalLightEffect(DeferredPBR_DirectionalLightEffect cloneSource) : base(cloneSource)
+        {
+            GPosition = cloneSource.GPosition;
+            GAlbedo = cloneSource.GAlbedo;
+            GNormal = cloneSource.GNormal;
+            GMetallicRoughness = cloneSource.GMetallicRoughness;
+
+            ShadowMapOne = cloneSource.ShadowMapOne;
+            ShadowMapTwo = cloneSource.ShadowMapTwo;
+            ShadowMapThree = cloneSource.ShadowMapThree;
+            ShadowMapFour = cloneSource.ShadowMapFour;
+
+            EyePosition = cloneSource.EyePosition;
+
+            DirectionalLightDirection = cloneSource.DirectionalLightDirection;
+            DirectionalLightColor = cloneSource.DirectionalLightColor;
+
+            CascadeFarPlanes = new float[4];
+            for (int i = 0 ; i < 4; i++)
+            {
+                CascadeFarPlanes[i] = cloneSource.CascadeFarPlanes[i];
+            }
+
+            ShadowMapSize = cloneSource.ShadowMapSize;
+
+            LightSpaceMatrixOne = cloneSource.LightSpaceMatrixOne;
+            LightSpaceMatrixTwo = cloneSource.LightSpaceMatrixTwo;
+            LightSpaceMatrixThree = cloneSource.LightSpaceMatrixThree;
+            LightSpaceMatrixFour = cloneSource.LightSpaceMatrixFour;
+
+            ViewMatrix = cloneSource.ViewMatrix;
+        }
+
+        public override Effect Clone()
+        {
+            return new DeferredPBR_DirectionalLightEffect(this);
+        }
+
+        protected override void OnApply()
+        {
+            gPositionParam.SetValue(GPosition);
+            gAlbedoParam.SetValue(GAlbedo);
+            gNormalParam.SetValue(GNormal);
+            gMetallicRoughnessParam.SetValue(GMetallicRoughness);
+
+            shadowMapOneParam.SetValue(ShadowMapOne);
+            shadowMapTwoParam.SetValue(ShadowMapTwo);
+            shadowMapThreeParam.SetValue(ShadowMapThree);
+            shadowMapFourParam.SetValue(ShadowMapFour);
+
+            eyePositionParam.SetValue(EyePosition);
+
+            directionalLightDirectionParam.SetValue(DirectionalLightDirection);
+            directionalLightColorParam.SetValue(DirectionalLightColor);
+
+            cascadeFarPlanesParam.SetValue(CascadeFarPlanes);
+            shadowMapSizeParam.SetValue(ShadowMapSize);
+
+            lightSpaceMatrixOneParam.SetValue(LightSpaceMatrixOne);
+            lightSpaceMatrixTwoParam.SetValue(LightSpaceMatrixTwo);
+            lightSpaceMatrixThreeParam.SetValue(LightSpaceMatrixThree);
+            lightSpaceMatrixFourParam.SetValue(LightSpaceMatrixFour);
+
+            viewMatrixParam.SetValue(ViewMatrix);
+        }
+
+        void CacheEffectParameters()
+        {
+            gPositionParam                 = Parameters["gPosition"];
+            gAlbedoParam                   = Parameters["gAlbedo"];
+            gNormalParam                   = Parameters["gNormal"];
+            gMetallicRoughnessParam        = Parameters["gMetallicRoughness"];
+
+            shadowMapOneParam              = Parameters["shadowMapOne"];
+            shadowMapTwoParam              = Parameters["shadowMapTwo"];
+            shadowMapThreeParam            = Parameters["shadowMapThree"];
+            shadowMapFourParam             = Parameters["shadowMapFour"];
+
+            eyePositionParam               = Parameters["EyePosition"];
+
+            directionalLightDirectionParam = Parameters["DirectionalLightDirection"];
+            directionalLightColorParam     = Parameters["DirectionalLightColor"];
+
+            cascadeFarPlanesParam          = Parameters["CascadeFarPlanes"];
+            shadowMapSizeParam             = Parameters["ShadowMapSize"];
+
+            lightSpaceMatrixOneParam       = Parameters["LightSpaceMatrixOne"];
+            lightSpaceMatrixTwoParam       = Parameters["LightSpaceMatrixTwo"];
+            lightSpaceMatrixThreeParam     = Parameters["LightSpaceMatrixThree"];
+            lightSpaceMatrixFourParam      = Parameters["LightSpaceMatrixFour"];
+
+            viewMatrixParam                = Parameters["ViewMatrix"];
+        }
+    }    
+}

Effects/DeferredPBR_GBufferEffect.cs

@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ namespace Kav
     public class DeferredPBR_GBufferEffect : Effect, TransformEffect
     {
         EffectParameter worldParam;
-        EffectParameter worldViewProjectionParam;
+        EffectParameter viewProjectionParam;
-        EffectParameter worldInverseTransposeParam;
 
         EffectParameter albedoTextureParam;
         EffectParameter normalTextureParam;
@@ -17,6 +16,13 @@ namespace Kav
         EffectParameter metallicParam;
         EffectParameter roughnessParam;
 
+        EffectParameter uvOffsetAndDimensionsParam;
+        EffectParameter isSpriteParam;
+
+        EffectParameter numTextureRowsParam;
+        EffectParameter numTextureColumnsParam;
+
+        EffectParameter vertexShaderIndexParam;
         EffectParameter shaderIndexParam;
 
         Matrix world = Matrix.Identity;
@@ -27,9 +33,18 @@ namespace Kav
         float metallic;
         float roughness;
 
+        Vector2 uvOffset;
+        Vector2 subTextureDimensions;
+
+        bool isSprite = false;
+
+        int numTextureRows = 1;
+        int numTextureColumns = 1;
+
         bool albedoTextureEnabled = false;
         bool metallicRoughnessMapEnabled = false;
         bool normalMapEnabled = false;
+        bool hardwareInstancingEnabled = false;
 
         EffectDirtyFlags dirtyFlags = EffectDirtyFlags.All;
 
@@ -39,7 +54,7 @@ namespace Kav
             set
             {
                 world = value;
-                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.World | EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.World;
             }
         }
 
@@ -49,7 +64,7 @@ namespace Kav
             set
             {
                 view = value;
-                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj | EffectDirtyFlags.EyePosition;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.ViewProj | EffectDirtyFlags.EyePosition;
             }
         }
 
@@ -59,7 +74,7 @@ namespace Kav
             set
             {
                 projection = value;
-                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.ViewProj;
             }
         }
 
@@ -100,7 +115,7 @@ namespace Kav
             {
                 albedoTextureParam.SetValue(value);
                 albedoTextureEnabled = value != null;
-                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.ShaderIndex;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.PixelShaderIndex;
             }
         }
 
@@ -111,7 +126,7 @@ namespace Kav
             {
                 normalTextureParam.SetValue(value);
                 normalMapEnabled = value != null;
-                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.ShaderIndex;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.PixelShaderIndex;
             }
         }
 
@@ -122,7 +137,70 @@ namespace Kav
             {
                 metallicRoughnessTextureParam.SetValue(value);
                 metallicRoughnessMapEnabled = value != null;
-                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.ShaderIndex;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.PixelShaderIndex;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public int NumTextureRows
+        {
+            get { return numTextureRows; }
+            set
+            {
+                numTextureRows = value;
+                numTextureRowsParam.SetValue(numTextureRows);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public int NumTextureColumns
+        {
+            get { return numTextureColumns; }
+            set
+            {
+                numTextureColumns = value;
+                numTextureColumnsParam.SetValue(numTextureColumns);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Vector2 UVOffset
+        {
+            get { return uvOffset; }
+            set
+            {
+                uvOffset = value;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.UVOrDimensions;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Vector2 SubTextureDimensions
+        {
+            get { return subTextureDimensions; }
+            set
+            {
+                subTextureDimensions = value;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.UVOrDimensions;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public bool IsSprite
+        {
+            get { return isSprite; }
+            set
+            {
+                isSprite = value;
+                isSpriteParam.SetValue(isSprite ? 1f : 0f);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public bool HardwareInstancingEnabled
+        {
+            get { return hardwareInstancingEnabled; }
+            set
+            {
+                if (value != hardwareInstancingEnabled)
+                {
+                    hardwareInstancingEnabled = value;
+                    dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.VertexShaderIndex;
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -159,30 +237,40 @@ namespace Kav
             {
                 worldParam.SetValue(world);
 
-                Matrix.Invert(ref world, out Matrix worldInverse);
-                Matrix.Transpose(ref worldInverse, out Matrix worldInverseTranspose);
-                worldInverseTransposeParam.SetValue(worldInverseTranspose);
-
                 dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.World;
             }
 
-            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj) != 0)
+            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.ViewProj) != 0)
             {
-                Matrix.Multiply(ref world, ref view, out Matrix worldView);
+                Matrix.Multiply(ref view, ref projection, out Matrix viewProj);
-                Matrix.Multiply(ref worldView, ref projection, out Matrix worldViewProj);
+                viewProjectionParam.SetValue(viewProj);
-                worldViewProjectionParam.SetValue(worldViewProj);
 
-                dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj;
+                dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.ViewProj;
             }
 
-            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.EyePosition) != 0)
+            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.UVOrDimensions) != 0)
             {
-                Matrix.Invert(ref view, out Matrix inverseView);
+                uvOffsetAndDimensionsParam.SetValue(new Vector4(
+                    UVOffset.X, UVOffset.Y,
+                    SubTextureDimensions.X, SubTextureDimensions.Y
+                ));
 
-                dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.EyePosition;
+                dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.UVOrDimensions;
             }
 
-            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.ShaderIndex) != 0)
+            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.VertexShaderIndex) != 0)
+            {
+                int vertexShaderIndex = 0;
+
+                if (hardwareInstancingEnabled)
+                {
+                    vertexShaderIndex = 1;
+                }
+
+                vertexShaderIndexParam.SetValue(vertexShaderIndex);
+            }
+
+            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.PixelShaderIndex) != 0)
             {
                 int shaderIndex = 0;
 
@@ -217,15 +305,14 @@ namespace Kav
 
                 shaderIndexParam.SetValue(shaderIndex);
 
-                dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.ShaderIndex;
+                dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.PixelShaderIndex;
             }
         }
 
         void CacheEffectParameters()
         {
             worldParam = Parameters["World"];
-            worldViewProjectionParam = Parameters["WorldViewProjection"];
+            viewProjectionParam = Parameters["ViewProjection"];
-            worldInverseTransposeParam = Parameters["WorldInverseTranspose"];
 
             albedoTextureParam = Parameters["AlbedoTexture"];
             normalTextureParam = Parameters["NormalTexture"];
@@ -235,7 +322,14 @@ namespace Kav
             metallicParam = Parameters["MetallicValue"];
             roughnessParam = Parameters["RoughnessValue"];
 
-            shaderIndexParam = Parameters["ShaderIndex"];
+            numTextureRowsParam = Parameters["NumTextureRows"];
+            numTextureColumnsParam = Parameters["NumTextureColumns"];
+
+            uvOffsetAndDimensionsParam = Parameters["UVOffsetAndDimensions"];
+            isSpriteParam = Parameters["IsSprite"];
+
+            shaderIndexParam = Parameters["PixelShaderIndex"];
+            vertexShaderIndexParam = Parameters["VertexShaderIndex"];
         }
     }
 }

Effects/DeferredPBR_PointLightEffect.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public class DeferredPBR_PointLightEffect : Effect
+    {
+        EffectParameter gPositionParam;
+        EffectParameter gAlbedoParam;
+        EffectParameter gNormalParam;
+        EffectParameter gMetallicRoughnessParam;
+        EffectParameter shadowMapParam;
+
+        EffectParameter eyePositionParam;
+
+        EffectParameter pointLightColorParam;
+        EffectParameter pointLightPositionParam;
+
+        EffectParameter farPlaneParam;
+
+        EffectParameter worldViewProjectionParam;
+
+        public Texture2D GPosition { get; set; }
+        public Texture2D GAlbedo { get; set; }
+        public Texture2D GNormal { get; set; }
+        public Texture2D GMetallicRoughness { get; set; }
+        public TextureCube ShadowMap { get; set; }
+
+        public Vector3 EyePosition { get; set; }
+
+        public Vector3 PointLightPosition { get; set; }
+        public Vector3 PointLightColor { get; set; }
+
+        public float FarPlane { get; set; }
+
+        Matrix world = Matrix.Identity;
+        Matrix view = Matrix.Identity;
+        Matrix projection = Matrix.Identity;
+
+        EffectDirtyFlags dirtyFlags = EffectDirtyFlags.All;
+
+        public Matrix World
+        {
+            get { return world; }
+            set
+            {
+                world = value;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Matrix View
+        {
+            get { return view; }
+            set
+            {
+                view = value;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Matrix Projection
+        {
+            get { return projection; }
+            set
+            {
+                projection = value;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public DeferredPBR_PointLightEffect(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) : base(graphicsDevice, Resources.DeferredPBR_PointLightEffect)
+        {
+            CacheEffectParameters();
+        }
+
+        public DeferredPBR_PointLightEffect(DeferredPBR_PointLightEffect cloneSource) : base(cloneSource)
+        {
+            CacheEffectParameters();
+
+            GPosition = cloneSource.GPosition;
+            GAlbedo = cloneSource.GAlbedo;
+            GNormal = cloneSource.GNormal;
+            GMetallicRoughness = cloneSource.GMetallicRoughness;
+            ShadowMap = cloneSource.ShadowMap;
+
+            EyePosition = cloneSource.EyePosition;
+
+            PointLightPosition = cloneSource.PointLightPosition;
+            PointLightColor = cloneSource.PointLightColor;
+
+            FarPlane = cloneSource.FarPlane;
+        }
+
+        public override Effect Clone()
+        {
+            return new DeferredPBR_PointLightEffect(this);
+        }
+
+        protected override void OnApply()
+        {
+            gPositionParam.SetValue(GPosition);
+            gAlbedoParam.SetValue(GAlbedo);
+            gNormalParam.SetValue(GNormal);
+            gMetallicRoughnessParam.SetValue(GMetallicRoughness);
+            shadowMapParam.SetValue(ShadowMap);
+
+            eyePositionParam.SetValue(EyePosition);
+
+            pointLightPositionParam.SetValue(PointLightPosition);
+            pointLightColorParam.SetValue(PointLightColor);
+
+            farPlaneParam.SetValue(FarPlane);
+
+            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj) != 0)
+            {
+                worldViewProjectionParam.SetValue(world * view * projection);
+
+                dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj;
+            }
+        }
+
+        void CacheEffectParameters()
+        {
+            gPositionParam                 = Parameters["gPosition"];
+            gAlbedoParam                   = Parameters["gAlbedo"];
+            gNormalParam                   = Parameters["gNormal"];
+            gMetallicRoughnessParam        = Parameters["gMetallicRoughness"];
+            shadowMapParam                 = Parameters["shadowMap"];
+
+            eyePositionParam               = Parameters["EyePosition"];
+
+            pointLightPositionParam        = Parameters["PointLightPosition"];
+            pointLightColorParam           = Parameters["PointLightColor"];
+
+            farPlaneParam                  = Parameters["FarPlane"];
+
+            worldViewProjectionParam       = Parameters["WorldViewProjection"];
+        }
+    }
+}

Effects/Deferred_ToonEffect.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public class Deferred_ToonEffect : Effect, ShadowCascadeEffect
+    {
+        EffectParameter gPositionParam;
+        EffectParameter gAlbedoParam;
+        EffectParameter gNormalParam;
+        EffectParameter gMetallicRoughnessParam;
+
+        EffectParameter shadowMapOneParam;
+        EffectParameter shadowMapTwoParam;
+        EffectParameter shadowMapThreeParam;
+        EffectParameter shadowMapFourParam;
+
+        EffectParameter eyePositionParam;
+        EffectParameter directionalLightDirectionParam;
+        EffectParameter directionalLightColorParam;
+
+        EffectParameter cascadeFarPlanesParam;
+        EffectParameter shadowMapSizeParam;
+
+        EffectParameter lightSpaceMatrixOneParam;
+        EffectParameter lightSpaceMatrixTwoParam;
+        EffectParameter lightSpaceMatrixThreeParam;
+        EffectParameter lightSpaceMatrixFourParam;
+
+        EffectParameter viewMatrixParam;
+
+        EffectParameter shaderIndexParam;
+
+        public Texture2D GPosition { get; set; }
+        public Texture2D GAlbedo { get; set; }
+        public Texture2D GNormal { get; set; }
+        public Texture2D GMetallicRoughness { get; set; }
+
+        public Texture2D ShadowMapOne { get; set; }
+        public Texture2D ShadowMapTwo { get; set; }
+        public Texture2D ShadowMapThree { get; set; }
+        public Texture2D ShadowMapFour { get; set; }
+
+        public Vector3 EyePosition { get; set; }
+        public Vector3 DirectionalLightDirection { get; set; }
+        public Vector3 DirectionalLightColor { get; set; }
+
+        public float[] CascadeFarPlanes { get; }
+        public float ShadowMapSize { get; set; }
+
+        public Matrix LightSpaceMatrixOne { get; set; }
+        public Matrix LightSpaceMatrixTwo { get; set; }
+        public Matrix LightSpaceMatrixThree { get; set; }
+        public Matrix LightSpaceMatrixFour { get; set; }
+
+        public Matrix ViewMatrix { get; set; }
+
+        private bool ditheredShadowValue = false;
+        public bool DitheredShadows 
+        { 
+            get { return ditheredShadowValue; }
+            set 
+            {
+                ditheredShadowValue = value;
+                CalculateShaderIndex();
+            } 
+        }
+
+        private int shaderIndex = 0;
+
+        public Deferred_ToonEffect(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) : base(graphicsDevice, Resources.Deferred_ToonEffect)
+        {
+            CascadeFarPlanes = new float[4];
+            CacheEffectParameters();   
+        }
+
+        protected override void OnApply()
+        {
+            gPositionParam.SetValue(GPosition);
+            gAlbedoParam.SetValue(GAlbedo);
+            gNormalParam.SetValue(GNormal);
+            gMetallicRoughnessParam.SetValue(GMetallicRoughness);
+
+            shadowMapOneParam.SetValue(ShadowMapOne);
+            shadowMapTwoParam.SetValue(ShadowMapTwo);
+            shadowMapThreeParam.SetValue(ShadowMapThree);
+            shadowMapFourParam.SetValue(ShadowMapFour);
+
+            eyePositionParam.SetValue(EyePosition);
+            directionalLightDirectionParam.SetValue(DirectionalLightDirection);
+            directionalLightColorParam.SetValue(DirectionalLightColor);
+
+            cascadeFarPlanesParam.SetValue(CascadeFarPlanes);
+            shadowMapSizeParam.SetValue(ShadowMapSize);
+
+            lightSpaceMatrixOneParam.SetValue(LightSpaceMatrixOne);
+            lightSpaceMatrixTwoParam.SetValue(LightSpaceMatrixTwo);
+            lightSpaceMatrixThreeParam.SetValue(LightSpaceMatrixThree);
+            lightSpaceMatrixFourParam.SetValue(LightSpaceMatrixFour);
+
+            viewMatrixParam.SetValue(ViewMatrix);
+
+            shaderIndexParam.SetValue(shaderIndex);
+        }
+
+        void CacheEffectParameters()
+        {
+            gPositionParam                 = Parameters["gPosition"];
+            gAlbedoParam                   = Parameters["gAlbedo"];
+            gNormalParam                   = Parameters["gNormal"];
+            gMetallicRoughnessParam        = Parameters["gMetallicRoughness"];
+
+            shadowMapOneParam              = Parameters["shadowMapOne"];
+            shadowMapTwoParam              = Parameters["shadowMapTwo"];
+            shadowMapThreeParam            = Parameters["shadowMapThree"];
+            shadowMapFourParam             = Parameters["shadowMapFour"];
+
+            eyePositionParam               = Parameters["EyePosition"];
+            directionalLightDirectionParam = Parameters["DirectionalLightDirection"];
+            directionalLightColorParam     = Parameters["DirectionalLightColor"];
+
+            cascadeFarPlanesParam          = Parameters["CascadeFarPlanes"];
+            shadowMapSizeParam             = Parameters["ShadowMapSize"];
+
+            lightSpaceMatrixOneParam       = Parameters["LightSpaceMatrixOne"];
+            lightSpaceMatrixTwoParam       = Parameters["LightSpaceMatrixTwo"];
+            lightSpaceMatrixThreeParam     = Parameters["LightSpaceMatrixThree"];
+            lightSpaceMatrixFourParam      = Parameters["LightSpaceMatrixFour"];
+
+            viewMatrixParam                = Parameters["ViewMatrix"];
+
+            shaderIndexParam               = Parameters["ShaderIndex"];
+        }
+
+        private void CalculateShaderIndex()
+        {
+            if (ditheredShadowValue)
+            {
+                shaderIndex = 1;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                shaderIndex = 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Effects/DiffuseLitSpriteEffect.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+using Kav.Data;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public class DiffuseLitSpriteEffect : Effect
+    {
+        EffectParameter ambientColorParam;
+
+        EffectParameter directionalLightDirectionParam;
+        EffectParameter directionalLightColorParam;
+
+        EffectParameter uvOffsetAndDimensionsParam;
+
+        EffectParameter worldParam;
+        EffectParameter worldViewProjectionParam;
+        EffectParameter worldInverseTransposeParam;
+
+        EffectParameter shaderIndexParam;
+
+        Texture2D texture;
+        Texture2D normal;
+
+        bool normalMapEnabled = false;
+
+        Vector3 ambientColor;
+
+        Vector3 directionalLightDirection;
+        Vector3 directionalLightColor;
+
+        Matrix world = Matrix.Identity;
+        Matrix view = Matrix.Identity;
+        Matrix projection = Matrix.Identity;
+
+        Vector2 uvOffset;
+        Vector2 subTextureDimensions;
+
+        EffectDirtyFlags dirtyFlags = EffectDirtyFlags.All;
+
+        public bool NormalMapEnabled
+        {
+            get { return normalMapEnabled; }
+            set
+            {
+                if (normalMapEnabled != value)
+                {
+                    normalMapEnabled = value;
+                    dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.PixelShaderIndex;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Matrix World
+        {
+            get { return world; }
+            set
+            {
+                world = value;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.World | EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Matrix View
+        {
+            get { return view; }
+            set
+            {
+                view = value;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj | EffectDirtyFlags.EyePosition;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Matrix Projection
+        {
+            get { return projection; }
+            set
+            {
+                projection = value;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public int MaxPointLights { get; } = 8;
+
+        public Vector3 AmbientColor
+        {
+            get { return ambientColor; }
+            set
+            {
+                ambientColor = value;
+                ambientColorParam.SetValue(ambientColor);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public PointLightCollection PointLights { get; private set; }
+
+        public Vector3 DirectionalLightDirection
+        {
+            get { return directionalLightDirection; }
+            set
+            {
+                directionalLightDirection = value;
+                directionalLightDirectionParam.SetValue(directionalLightDirection);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Vector3 DirectionalLightColor
+        {
+            get { return directionalLightColor; }
+            set
+            {
+                directionalLightColor = value;
+                directionalLightColorParam.SetValue(directionalLightColor);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Vector2 UVOffset
+        {
+            get { return uvOffset; }
+            set
+            {
+                uvOffset = value;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.UVOrDimensions;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Vector2 SubTextureDimensions
+        {
+            get { return subTextureDimensions; }
+            set
+            {
+                subTextureDimensions = value;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.UVOrDimensions;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public DiffuseLitSpriteEffect(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) : base(graphicsDevice, Resources.DiffuseLitSpriteEffect)
+        {
+            CacheEffectParameters();
+
+            PointLights = new PointLightCollection(
+                Parameters["PointLightPositions"],
+                Parameters["PointLightColors"],
+                MaxPointLights
+            );
+        }
+
+        protected override void OnApply()
+        {
+            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.World) != 0)
+            {
+                worldParam.SetValue(world);
+
+                Matrix.Invert(ref world, out Matrix worldInverse);
+                Matrix.Transpose(ref worldInverse, out Matrix worldInverseTranspose);
+                worldInverseTransposeParam.SetValue(worldInverseTranspose);
+
+                dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.World;
+            }
+
+            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj) != 0)
+            {
+                Matrix.Multiply(ref world, ref view, out Matrix worldView);
+                Matrix.Multiply(ref worldView, ref projection, out Matrix worldViewProj);
+                worldViewProjectionParam.SetValue(worldViewProj);
+
+                dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj;
+            }
+
+            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.UVOrDimensions) != 0)
+            {
+                uvOffsetAndDimensionsParam.SetValue(new Vector4(
+                    UVOffset.X, UVOffset.Y,
+                    SubTextureDimensions.X, SubTextureDimensions.Y
+                ));
+
+                dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.UVOrDimensions;
+            }
+
+            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.PixelShaderIndex) != 0)
+            {
+                int shaderIndex = 0;
+
+                if (normalMapEnabled)
+                {
+                    shaderIndex = 1;
+                }
+
+                shaderIndexParam.SetValue(shaderIndex);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void CacheEffectParameters()
+        {
+            worldParam = Parameters["World"];
+            worldViewProjectionParam = Parameters["WorldViewProjection"];
+            worldInverseTransposeParam = Parameters["WorldInverseTranspose"];
+
+            ambientColorParam = Parameters["AmbientColor"];
+
+            directionalLightDirectionParam = Parameters["DirectionalLightDirection"];
+            directionalLightColorParam = Parameters["DirectionalLightColor"];
+
+            uvOffsetAndDimensionsParam = Parameters["UVOffsetAndDimensions"];
+
+            shaderIndexParam = Parameters["ShaderIndex"];
+        }
+    }
+}

Effects/DirectionalLightCollection.cs

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
-using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
-
-namespace Kav
-{
-    public class DirectionalLightCollection
-    {
-        private readonly Vector3[] directions = new Vector3[4];
-        private readonly Vector3[] colors = new Vector3[4];
-        private readonly float[] intensities = new float[4];
-
-        readonly EffectParameter lightDirectionsParam;
-        readonly EffectParameter lightColorsParam;
-
-        public DirectionalLightCollection(EffectParameter lightDirectionsParam, EffectParameter lightColorsParam)
-        {
-            this.lightDirectionsParam = lightDirectionsParam;
-            this.lightColorsParam = lightColorsParam;
-        }
-
-        public DirectionalLight this[int i]
-        {
-            get
-            {
-                var color = colors[i] / intensities[i];
-                return new DirectionalLight(
-                    directions[i],
-                    new Color(
-                        color.X,
-                        color.Y,
-                        color.Z,
-                        1f
-                    ),
-                    intensities[i]
-                );
-            }
-            set
-            {
-                directions[i] = value.Direction;
-                colors[i] = value.Color.ToVector3() * value.Intensity;
-                intensities[i] = value.Intensity;
-                lightDirectionsParam.SetValue(directions);
-                lightColorsParam.SetValue(colors);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}

Effects/EffectHelpers.cs

@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@ namespace Kav
         WorldViewProj = 1,
         World = 2,
         EyePosition = 4,
-        ShaderIndex = 8,
+        VertexShaderIndex = 8,
+        PixelShaderIndex = 16,
+        ViewProj = 32,
+        UVOrDimensions = 64,
         All = -1
     }
 }

Effects/HLSL/Conversion.fxh

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+float3 HUEtoRGB(in float H)
+{
+    float R = abs(H * 6 - 3) - 1;
+    float G = 2 - abs(H * 6 - 2);
+    float B = 2 - abs(H * 6 - 4);
+    return saturate(float3(R,G,B));
+}
+
+float Epsilon = 1e-10;
+
+float3 RGBtoHCV(in float3 RGB)
+{
+    // Based on work by Sam Hocevar and Emil Persson
+    float4 P = (RGB.g < RGB.b) ? float4(RGB.bg, -1.0, 2.0/3.0) : float4(RGB.gb, 0.0, -1.0/3.0);
+    float4 Q = (RGB.r < P.x) ? float4(P.xyw, RGB.r) : float4(RGB.r, P.yzx);
+    float C = Q.x - min(Q.w, Q.y);
+    float H = abs((Q.w - Q.y) / (6 * C + Epsilon) + Q.z);
+    return float3(H, C, Q.x);
+}
+
+float3 RGBtoHSL(float3 RGB)
+{
+    float3 HCV = RGBtoHCV(RGB);
+    float L = HCV.z - HCV.y * 0.5;
+    float S = HCV.y / (1 - abs(L * 2 - 1) + Epsilon);
+    return float3(HCV.x, S, L);
+}
+
+float3 HSLtoRGB(float3 HSL)
+{
+    float3 RGB = HUEtoRGB(HSL.x);
+    float C = (1 - abs(2 * HSL.z - 1)) * HSL.y;
+    return (RGB - 0.5) * C + HSL.z;
+}

Effects/HLSL/DeferredPBREffect.fx

@@ -2,12 +2,16 @@
 
 static const float PI = 3.141592653589793;
 static const int MAX_POINT_LIGHTS = 64;
-static const int MAX_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHTS = 4;
+static const int NUM_SHADOW_CASCADES = 4;
 
 DECLARE_TEXTURE(gPosition, 0);
 DECLARE_TEXTURE(gAlbedo, 1);
 DECLARE_TEXTURE(gNormal, 2);
 DECLARE_TEXTURE(gMetallicRoughness, 3);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(shadowMapOne, 4);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(shadowMapTwo, 5);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(shadowMapThree, 6);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(shadowMapFour, 7);
 
 BEGIN_CONSTANTS
 
@@ -16,19 +20,45 @@ BEGIN_CONSTANTS
     float3 PointLightPositions[MAX_POINT_LIGHTS]               _ps(c1)      _cb(c1);
     float3 PointLightColors[MAX_POINT_LIGHTS]                  _ps(c65)     _cb(c65);
 
-    float3 DirectionalLightDirections[MAX_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHTS]  _ps(c129)   _cb(c129);
+    float3 DirectionalLightDirection                           _ps(c129)   _cb(c129);
-    float3 DirectionalLightColors[MAX_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHTS]      _ps(c133)   _cb(c133);
+    float3 DirectionalLightColor                               _ps(c130)   _cb(c130);
+
+    float CascadeFarPlanes[NUM_SHADOW_CASCADES]                _ps(c131)   _cb(c131);
 
 MATRIX_CONSTANTS
 
+    float4x4 LightSpaceMatrixOne                               _ps(c135)   _cb(c135);
+    float4x4 LightSpaceMatrixTwo                               _ps(c139)   _cb(c139);
+    float4x4 LightSpaceMatrixThree                             _ps(c143)   _cb(c143);
+    float4x4 LightSpaceMatrixFour                              _ps(c147)   _cb(c147);
+
+    // used to select shadow cascade
+    float4x4 ViewMatrix                                        _ps(c151)   _cb(c151);
+
 END_CONSTANTS
 
+struct VertexInput
+{
+    float4 Position : POSITION;
+    float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD;
+};
+
 struct PixelInput
 {
     float4 Position : SV_POSITION;
     float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0;
 };
 
+PixelInput main_vs(VertexInput input)
+{
+    PixelInput output;
+
+    output.Position = input.Position;
+    output.TexCoord = input.TexCoord;
+
+    return output;
+}
+
 // Pixel Shader
 
 float3 FresnelSchlick(float cosTheta, float3 F0)
@@ -71,17 +101,119 @@ float GeometrySmith(float3 N, float3 V, float3 L, float roughness)
     return ggx1 * ggx2;
 }
 
+float ComputeShadow(float3 positionWorldSpace, float3 N, float L)
+{
+    float bias = 0.005 * tan(acos(dot(N, L)));
+    bias = clamp(bias, 0, 0.01);
+
+    float4 positionCameraSpace = mul(float4(positionWorldSpace, 1.0), ViewMatrix);
+
+    int shadowCascadeIndex = 0; // 0 is closest
+    for (int i = 0; i < NUM_SHADOW_CASCADES; i++)
+    {
+        if (abs(positionCameraSpace.z) < CascadeFarPlanes[i])
+        {
+            shadowCascadeIndex = i;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    float4x4 lightSpaceMatrix;
+
+    if (shadowCascadeIndex == 0)
+    {
+        lightSpaceMatrix = LightSpaceMatrixOne;
+    }
+    else if (shadowCascadeIndex == 1)
+    {
+        lightSpaceMatrix = LightSpaceMatrixTwo;
+    }
+    else if (shadowCascadeIndex == 2)
+    {
+        lightSpaceMatrix = LightSpaceMatrixThree;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        lightSpaceMatrix = LightSpaceMatrixFour;
+    }
+
+    float4 positionLightSpace = mul(float4(positionWorldSpace, 1.0), lightSpaceMatrix);
+   
+    // maps to [-1, 1]
+    float3 projectionCoords = positionLightSpace.xyz / positionLightSpace.w;
+
+    // maps to [0, 1]
+    projectionCoords.x = (projectionCoords.x * 0.5) + 0.5;
+    projectionCoords.y = (projectionCoords.y * 0.5) + 0.5;
+    projectionCoords.y *= -1;
+    // in XNA clip z is 0 to 1 already
+
+    float inc = 1.0 / 1024.0;
+
+    float shadowFactor = 0;
+    for (int row = -1; row <= 1; row++)
+    {
+        for (int col = -1; col <= 1; col++)
+        {
+            float closestDepth;
+            if (shadowCascadeIndex == 0)
+            {
+                closestDepth = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(shadowMapOne, projectionCoords.xy + float2(row, col) * inc).r;
+            }
+            else if (shadowCascadeIndex == 1)
+            {
+                closestDepth = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(shadowMapTwo, projectionCoords.xy + float2(row, col) * inc).r;
+            }
+            else if (shadowCascadeIndex == 2)
+            {
+                closestDepth = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(shadowMapThree, projectionCoords.xy + float2(row, col) * inc).r;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                closestDepth = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(shadowMapFour, projectionCoords.xy + float2(row, col) * inc).r;
+            }
+            shadowFactor += projectionCoords.z - bias > closestDepth ? 1.0 : 0.0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    shadowFactor /= 9.0;
+
+    if (projectionCoords.z > 1.0)
+    {
+        shadowFactor = 1.0;
+    }
+
+    return shadowFactor;
+
+
+    // float currentDepth = projectionCoords.z;
+
+    // if (currentDepth > 1.0)
+    // {
+    //     return 0.0;
+    // }
+
+    // if (currentDepth - bias > closestDepth)
+    // {
+    //     return 1.0;
+    // }
+    // else
+    // {
+    //     return 0.0;
+    // }
+}
+
 float3 ComputeLight(
-    float3 lightDir,
+    float3 L,
     float3 radiance,
     float3 F0,
     float3 V,
     float3 N,
     float3 albedo,
     float metallic,
-    float roughness
+    float roughness,
+    float shadow
 ) {
-    float3 L = normalize(lightDir);
     float3 H = normalize(V + L);
 
     float NDF = DistributionGGX(N, H, roughness);
@@ -98,7 +230,7 @@ float3 ComputeLight(
     kD *= 1.0 - metallic;
 
     float NdotL = max(dot(N, L), 0.0);
-    return (kD * albedo / PI + specular) * radiance * NdotL;
+    return (kD * albedo / PI + specular) * radiance * NdotL * shadow;
 }
 
 float4 ComputeColor(
@@ -120,21 +252,20 @@ float4 ComputeColor(
     for (int i = 0; i < MAX_POINT_LIGHTS; i++)
     {
         float3 lightDir = PointLightPositions[i] - worldPosition;
+        float3 L = normalize(lightDir);
         float distance = length(lightDir);
         float attenuation = 1.0 / (distance * distance);
         float3 radiance = PointLightColors[i] * attenuation;
 
-        Lo += ComputeLight(lightDir, radiance, F0, V, N, albedo, metallic, roughness);
+        Lo += ComputeLight(L, radiance, F0, V, N, albedo, metallic, roughness, 1.0);
     }
 
     // directional light
-    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHTS; i++)
+    float3 L = normalize(DirectionalLightDirection);
-    {
+    float3 radiance = DirectionalLightColor;
-        float3 lightDir = DirectionalLightDirections[i];
-        float3 radiance = DirectionalLightColors[i];
 
-        Lo += ComputeLight(lightDir, radiance, F0, V, N, albedo, metallic, roughness);
+    float shadow = ComputeShadow(worldPosition, N, L);
-    }
+    Lo += ComputeLight(L, radiance, F0, V, N, albedo, metallic, roughness, (1.0 - shadow));
 
     float3 ambient = float3(0.03, 0.03, 0.03) * albedo; // * AO;
     float3 color = ambient + Lo;
@@ -148,13 +279,13 @@ float4 ComputeColor(
 
 float4 main_ps(PixelInput input) : SV_TARGET0
 {
-    float3 fragPosition = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gPosition, input.TexCoord).rgb;
+    float3 worldPosition = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gPosition, input.TexCoord).rgb;
     float3 normal = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gNormal, input.TexCoord).xyz;
     float3 albedo = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gAlbedo, input.TexCoord).rgb;
     float2 metallicRoughness = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gMetallicRoughness, input.TexCoord).rg;
 
     return ComputeColor(
-        fragPosition,
+        worldPosition,
         normal,
         albedo,
         metallicRoughness.r,
@@ -166,6 +297,7 @@ Technique DeferredPBR
 {
     Pass
     {
+        VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 main_vs();
         PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 main_ps();
     }
 }

Effects/HLSL/DeferredPBR_AmbientLightEffect.fx

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#include "Macros.fxh" // from FNA
+
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(gPosition, 0);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(gAlbedo, 1);
+
+BEGIN_CONSTANTS
+
+float3 AmbientLightColor _ps(c0)   _cb(c0);
+
+END_CONSTANTS
+
+struct VertexInput
+{
+    float4 Position : POSITION;
+    float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD;
+};
+
+struct PixelInput
+{
+    float4 Position : SV_POSITION;
+    float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0;
+};
+
+PixelInput main_vs(VertexInput input)
+{
+    PixelInput output;
+
+    output.Position = input.Position;
+    output.TexCoord = input.TexCoord;
+
+    return output;
+}
+
+float4 ComputeColor(
+    float3 worldPosition,
+    float3 albedo
+) {
+    float3 color = AmbientLightColor * albedo;
+    return float4(color, 1.0);
+}
+
+float4 main_ps(PixelInput input) : SV_TARGET0
+{
+    float3 worldPosition = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gPosition, input.TexCoord).rgb;
+    float3 albedo = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gAlbedo, input.TexCoord).rgb;
+
+    return ComputeColor(
+        worldPosition,
+        albedo
+    );
+}
+
+Technique DeferredPBR_Ambient
+{
+    Pass
+    {
+        VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 main_vs();
+        PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 main_ps();
+    }
+}

Effects/HLSL/DeferredPBR_DirectionalLightEffect.fx

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+#include "Macros.fxh" //from FNA
+#include "Lighting.fxh"
+#include "Shadow.fxh"
+
+static const int NUM_SHADOW_CASCADES = 4;
+
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(gPosition, 0);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(gAlbedo, 1);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(gNormal, 2);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(gMetallicRoughness, 3);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(shadowMapOne, 4);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(shadowMapTwo, 5);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(shadowMapThree, 6);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(shadowMapFour, 7);
+
+BEGIN_CONSTANTS
+
+    float3 EyePosition                                         _ps(c0)    _cb(c0);
+
+    float3 DirectionalLightDirection                           _ps(c1)    _cb(c1);
+    float3 DirectionalLightColor                               _ps(c2)    _cb(c2);
+
+    float CascadeFarPlanes[NUM_SHADOW_CASCADES]                _ps(c3)    _cb(c3);
+
+    float ShadowMapSize                                        _ps(c7)    _cb(c7);
+
+MATRIX_CONSTANTS
+
+    float4x4 LightSpaceMatrixOne                               _ps(c8)    _cb(c8);
+    float4x4 LightSpaceMatrixTwo                               _ps(c12)   _cb(c12);
+    float4x4 LightSpaceMatrixThree                             _ps(c16)   _cb(c16);
+    float4x4 LightSpaceMatrixFour                              _ps(c20)   _cb(c20);
+
+    // used to select shadow cascade
+    float4x4 ViewMatrix                                        _ps(c24)   _cb(c24);
+
+END_CONSTANTS
+
+struct VertexInput
+{
+    float4 Position : POSITION;
+    float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD;
+};
+
+struct PixelInput
+{
+    float4 Position : SV_POSITION;
+    float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0;
+};
+
+PixelInput main_vs(VertexInput input)
+{
+    PixelInput output;
+
+    output.Position = input.Position;
+    output.TexCoord = input.TexCoord;
+
+    return output;
+}
+
+// Pixel Shader
+
+float ComputeShadow(float3 positionWorldSpace, float3 N, float3 L)
+{
+    float4 positionCameraSpace = mul(float4(positionWorldSpace, 1.0), ViewMatrix);
+
+    int shadowCascadeIndex = 0; // 0 is closest
+    for (int i = 0; i < NUM_SHADOW_CASCADES; i++)
+    {
+        if (abs(positionCameraSpace.z) < CascadeFarPlanes[i])
+        {
+            shadowCascadeIndex = i;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    float4x4 lightSpaceMatrix;
+
+    if (shadowCascadeIndex == 0)
+    {
+        lightSpaceMatrix = LightSpaceMatrixOne;
+    }
+    else if (shadowCascadeIndex == 1)
+    {
+        lightSpaceMatrix = LightSpaceMatrixTwo;
+    }
+    else if (shadowCascadeIndex == 2)
+    {
+        lightSpaceMatrix = LightSpaceMatrixThree;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        lightSpaceMatrix = LightSpaceMatrixFour;
+    }
+
+    // PCF + Poisson soft shadows
+
+    if (shadowCascadeIndex == 0)
+    {
+        return PoissonShadow(
+            positionWorldSpace,
+            N,
+            L,
+            lightSpaceMatrix,
+            SAMPLER(shadowMapOne),
+            ShadowMapSize
+        );
+    }
+    else if (shadowCascadeIndex == 1)
+    {
+        return PoissonShadow(
+            positionWorldSpace,
+            N,
+            L,
+            lightSpaceMatrix,
+            SAMPLER(shadowMapTwo),
+            ShadowMapSize
+        );
+    }
+    else if (shadowCascadeIndex == 2)
+    {
+        return PoissonShadow(
+            positionWorldSpace,
+            N,
+            L,
+            lightSpaceMatrix,
+            SAMPLER(shadowMapThree),
+            ShadowMapSize
+        );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return PoissonShadow(
+            positionWorldSpace,
+            N,
+            L,
+            lightSpaceMatrix,
+            SAMPLER(shadowMapFour),
+            ShadowMapSize
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+float4 ComputeColor(
+    float3 worldPosition,
+    float3 worldNormal,
+    float3 albedo,
+    float metallic,
+    float roughness
+) {
+    float3 V = normalize(EyePosition - worldPosition);
+    float3 N = normalize(worldNormal);
+
+    float3 F0 = float3(0.04, 0.04, 0.04);
+    F0 = lerp(F0, albedo, metallic);
+
+    float3 L = normalize(DirectionalLightDirection);
+    float3 radiance = DirectionalLightColor;
+
+    float shadow = ComputeShadow(worldPosition, N, L);
+    float3 color = ComputeLight(L, radiance, F0, V, N, albedo, metallic, roughness, shadow);
+
+    return float4(color, 1.0);
+}
+
+float4 main_ps(PixelInput input) : SV_TARGET0
+{
+    float3 worldPosition = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gPosition, input.TexCoord).rgb;
+    float3 normal = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gNormal, input.TexCoord).xyz;
+    float3 albedo = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gAlbedo, input.TexCoord).rgb;
+    float2 metallicRoughness = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gMetallicRoughness, input.TexCoord).rg;
+
+    return ComputeColor(
+        worldPosition,
+        normal,
+        albedo,
+        metallicRoughness.r,
+        metallicRoughness.g
+    );
+}
+
+Technique DeferredPBR_Directional
+{
+    Pass
+    {
+        VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 main_vs();
+        PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 main_ps();
+    }
+}

Effects/HLSL/DeferredPBR_GBufferEffect.fx

@@ -4,17 +4,22 @@ DECLARE_TEXTURE(AlbedoTexture, 0);
 DECLARE_TEXTURE(NormalTexture, 1);
 DECLARE_TEXTURE(MetallicRoughnessTexture, 2);
 
+float4 UVOffsetAndDimensions;
+float IsSprite;
+
 BEGIN_CONSTANTS
 
     float3 AlbedoValue                         _ps(c0)    _cb(c0);
     float MetallicValue                        _ps(c1)    _cb(c1);
     float RoughnessValue                       _ps(c2)    _cb(c2);
 
+    int NumTextureRows              _vs(c9)               _cb(c3);
+    int NumTextureColumns           _vs(c10)              _cb(c4);
+
 MATRIX_CONSTANTS
 
     float4x4 World                  _vs(c0)               _cb(c7);
-    float4x4 WorldInverseTranspose  _vs(c4)               _cb(c11);
+    float4x4 ViewProjection         _vs(c4)               _cb(c11);
-    float4x4 WorldViewProjection    _vs(c8)               _cb(c15);
 
 END_CONSTANTS
 
@@ -22,7 +27,7 @@ struct VertexInput
 {
     float4 Position : POSITION;
     float3 Normal   : NORMAL;
-    float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0;
+    float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD;
 };
 
 struct PixelInput
@@ -48,9 +53,44 @@ PixelInput main_vs(VertexInput input)
     PixelInput output;
 
     output.PositionWorld = mul(input.Position, World).xyz;
-    output.NormalWorld = mul(input.Normal, (float3x3)WorldInverseTranspose).xyz;
+    output.NormalWorld = normalize(mul(input.Normal, World));
-    output.TexCoord = input.TexCoord;
+
-    output.Position = mul(input.Position, WorldViewProjection);
+    float2 texCoord;
+    texCoord.x = (input.TexCoord.x * UVOffsetAndDimensions.z) + UVOffsetAndDimensions.x;
+    texCoord.y = (input.TexCoord.y * UVOffsetAndDimensions.w) + UVOffsetAndDimensions.y;
+    output.TexCoord = texCoord;
+
+    float4x4 worldViewProjection = mul(World, ViewProjection);
+    output.Position = mul(input.Position, worldViewProjection);
+
+    return output;
+}
+
+PixelInput instanced_vs(
+    VertexInput input,
+    float3 Translation : TEXCOORD2,
+    float2 UVOffset    : TEXCOORD5
+) {
+    PixelInput output;
+
+    float4x4 world = float4x4(
+        float4(1, 0, 0, 0),
+        float4(0, 1, 0, 0),
+        float4(0, 0, 1, 0),
+        float4(Translation.x, Translation.y, Translation.z, 1)
+    );
+
+    float4x4 worldViewProjection = mul(world, ViewProjection);
+
+    output.PositionWorld = mul(input.Position, world);
+    output.NormalWorld = mul(input.Normal, world);
+
+    float2 texCoord;
+    texCoord.x = (input.TexCoord.x / NumTextureColumns + UVOffset.x);
+    texCoord.y = (input.TexCoord.y / NumTextureRows + UVOffset.y);
+    output.TexCoord = texCoord;
+
+    output.Position = mul(input.Position, worldViewProjection);
 
     return output;
 }
@@ -79,10 +119,10 @@ PixelOutput NonePS(PixelInput input)
 {
     PixelOutput output;
 
-    output.gPosition = float4(input.PositionWorld, 0.0);
+    output.gPosition = float4(input.PositionWorld, 1.0);
-    output.gNormal = float4(normalize(input.NormalWorld), 0.0);
+    output.gNormal = float4(normalize(input.NormalWorld), IsSprite);
     output.gAlbedo = float4(AlbedoValue, 1.0);
-    output.gMetallicRoughness = float4(MetallicValue, RoughnessValue, 0.0, 0.0);
+    output.gMetallicRoughness = float4(MetallicValue, RoughnessValue, 0.0, 1.0);
 
     return output;
 }
@@ -91,10 +131,12 @@ PixelOutput AlbedoPS(PixelInput input)
 {
     PixelOutput output;
 
-    output.gPosition = float4(input.PositionWorld, 0.0);
+    output.gPosition = float4(input.PositionWorld, 1.0);
-    output.gNormal = float4(normalize(input.NormalWorld), 0.0);
+    output.gNormal = float4(normalize(input.NormalWorld), IsSprite);
     output.gAlbedo = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(AlbedoTexture, input.TexCoord);
-    output.gMetallicRoughness = float4(MetallicValue, RoughnessValue, 0.0, 0.0);
+    output.gMetallicRoughness = float4(MetallicValue, RoughnessValue, 0.0, 1.0);
+
+    if (output.gAlbedo.a == 0.0) { discard; }
 
     return output;
 }
@@ -103,8 +145,8 @@ PixelOutput MetallicRoughnessPS(PixelInput input)
 {
     PixelOutput output;
 
-    output.gPosition = float4(input.PositionWorld, 0.0);
+    output.gPosition = float4(input.PositionWorld, 1.0);
-    output.gNormal = float4(normalize(input.NormalWorld), 0.0);
+    output.gNormal = float4(normalize(input.NormalWorld), IsSprite);
     output.gAlbedo = float4(AlbedoValue, 1.0);
     output.gMetallicRoughness = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(MetallicRoughnessTexture, input.TexCoord);
 
@@ -115,10 +157,10 @@ PixelOutput NormalPS(PixelInput input)
 {
     PixelOutput output;
 
-    output.gPosition = float4(input.PositionWorld, 0.0);
+    output.gPosition = float4(input.PositionWorld, 1.0);
-    output.gNormal = float4(GetNormalFromMap(input.PositionWorld, input.TexCoord, input.NormalWorld), 0.0);
+    output.gNormal = float4(GetNormalFromMap(input.PositionWorld, input.TexCoord, input.NormalWorld), IsSprite);
     output.gAlbedo = float4(AlbedoValue, 1.0);
-    output.gMetallicRoughness = float4(MetallicValue, RoughnessValue, 0.0, 0.0);
+    output.gMetallicRoughness = float4(MetallicValue, RoughnessValue, 0.0, 1.0);
 
     return output;
 }
@@ -127,11 +169,13 @@ PixelOutput AlbedoMetallicRoughnessPS(PixelInput input)
 {
     PixelOutput output;
 
-    output.gPosition = float4(input.PositionWorld, 0.0);
+    output.gPosition = float4(input.PositionWorld, 1.0);
-    output.gNormal = float4(normalize(input.NormalWorld), 0.0);
+    output.gNormal = float4(normalize(input.NormalWorld), IsSprite);
     output.gAlbedo = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(AlbedoTexture, input.TexCoord);
     output.gMetallicRoughness = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(MetallicRoughnessTexture, input.TexCoord);
 
+    if (output.gAlbedo.a == 0.0) { discard; }
+
     return output;
 }
 
@@ -139,10 +183,12 @@ PixelOutput AlbedoNormalPS(PixelInput input)
 {
     PixelOutput output;
 
-    output.gPosition = float4(input.PositionWorld, 0.0);
+    output.gPosition = float4(input.PositionWorld, 1.0);
-    output.gNormal = float4(GetNormalFromMap(input.PositionWorld, input.TexCoord, input.NormalWorld), 0.0);
+    output.gNormal = float4(GetNormalFromMap(input.PositionWorld, input.TexCoord, input.NormalWorld), IsSprite);
     output.gAlbedo = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(AlbedoTexture, input.TexCoord);
-    output.gMetallicRoughness = float4(MetallicValue, RoughnessValue, 0.0, 0.0);
+    output.gMetallicRoughness = float4(MetallicValue, RoughnessValue, 0.0, 1.0);
+
+    if (output.gAlbedo.a == 0.0) { discard; }
 
     return output;
 }
@@ -151,8 +197,8 @@ PixelOutput MetallicRoughnessNormalPS(PixelInput input)
 {
     PixelOutput output;
 
-    output.gPosition = float4(input.PositionWorld, 0.0);
+    output.gPosition = float4(input.PositionWorld, 1.0);
-    output.gNormal = float4(GetNormalFromMap(input.PositionWorld, input.TexCoord, input.NormalWorld), 0.0);
+    output.gNormal = float4(GetNormalFromMap(input.PositionWorld, input.TexCoord, input.NormalWorld), IsSprite);
     output.gAlbedo = float4(AlbedoValue, 1.0);
     output.gMetallicRoughness = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(MetallicRoughnessTexture, input.TexCoord);
 
@@ -163,14 +209,29 @@ PixelOutput AlbedoMetallicRoughnessNormalMapPS(PixelInput input)
 {
     PixelOutput output;
 
-    output.gPosition = float4(input.PositionWorld, 0.0);
+    output.gPosition = float4(input.PositionWorld, 1.0);
-    output.gNormal = float4(GetNormalFromMap(input.PositionWorld, input.TexCoord, input.NormalWorld), 0.0);
+    output.gNormal = float4(GetNormalFromMap(input.PositionWorld, input.TexCoord, input.NormalWorld), IsSprite);
     output.gAlbedo = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(AlbedoTexture, input.TexCoord);
     output.gMetallicRoughness = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(MetallicRoughnessTexture, input.TexCoord);
 
+    if (output.gAlbedo.a == 0.0) { discard; }
+
     return output;
 }
 
+VertexShader VSArray[2] =
+{
+    compile vs_3_0 main_vs(),
+    compile vs_3_0 instanced_vs()
+};
+
+int VSIndices[2] =
+{
+    0, 1
+};
+
+int VertexShaderIndex = 0;
+
 PixelShader PSArray[8] =
 {
     compile ps_3_0 NonePS(),
@@ -191,13 +252,13 @@ int PSIndices[8] =
     0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
 };
 
-int ShaderIndex = 0;
+int PixelShaderIndex = 0;
 
 Technique GBuffer
 {
     Pass
     {
-        VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 main_vs();
+        VertexShader = (VSArray[VSIndices[VertexShaderIndex]]);
-        PixelShader = (PSArray[PSIndices[ShaderIndex]]);
+        PixelShader  = (PSArray[PSIndices[PixelShaderIndex]]);
     }
 }

Effects/HLSL/DeferredPBR_PointLightEffect.fx

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+// Assumes you are drawing a sphere!!
+
+#include "Macros.fxh" //from FNA
+#include "Lighting.fxh"
+#include "Shadow.fxh"
+
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(gPosition, 0);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(gAlbedo, 1);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(gNormal, 2);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(gMetallicRoughness, 3);
+DECLARE_CUBEMAP(shadowMap, 4);
+
+BEGIN_CONSTANTS
+
+    float3 EyePosition                      _ps(c0)     _cb(c0);
+
+    float3 PointLightPosition               _ps(c1)     _cb(c1);
+    float3 PointLightColor                  _ps(c2)     _cb(c2);
+
+    float FarPlane                          _ps(c3)     _cb(c3);
+
+MATRIX_CONSTANTS
+
+    float4x4 WorldViewProjection _vs(c0)                _cb(c4);
+
+END_CONSTANTS
+
+struct VertexInput
+{
+    float4 Position : POSITION;
+};
+
+struct PixelInput
+{
+    float4 Position : SV_POSITION;
+    float4 ScreenPosition : TEXCOORD0;
+};
+
+PixelInput main_vs(VertexInput input)
+{
+    PixelInput output;
+
+    output.Position = mul(input.Position, WorldViewProjection);
+    output.ScreenPosition = output.Position;
+
+    return output;
+}
+
+// Pixel Shader
+
+float4 ComputeColor(
+    float3 worldPosition,
+    float3 worldNormal,
+    float3 albedo,
+    float metallic,
+    float roughness
+) {
+    float3 V = normalize(EyePosition - worldPosition);
+    float3 N = normalize(worldNormal);
+
+    float3 F0 = float3(0.04, 0.04, 0.04);
+    F0 = lerp(F0, albedo, metallic);
+
+    float3 lightDir = PointLightPosition - worldPosition;
+    float3 L = normalize(lightDir);
+    float distance = length(lightDir);
+    float attenuation = 1.0 / (distance * distance);
+    float3 radiance = PointLightColor * attenuation;
+
+    float shadow = HardPointShadow(worldPosition, N, L, PointLightPosition, SAMPLER(shadowMap), FarPlane);
+    float3 color = ComputeLight(L, radiance, F0, V, N, albedo, metallic, roughness, shadow);
+
+    return float4(color, 1.0);
+    //return float4(shadow, shadow, shadow, 1.0);
+}
+
+float4 main_ps(PixelInput input) : SV_TARGET0
+{
+    input.ScreenPosition.xy /= input.ScreenPosition.w;
+    float2 texCoord = 0.5f * float2(input.ScreenPosition.x,-input.ScreenPosition.y) + 0.5f;
+
+    float3 worldPosition = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gPosition, texCoord).rgb;
+    float4 normalSample = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gNormal, texCoord);
+    float3 normal = normalSample.xyz;
+    float isSprite = normalSample.a;
+    float3 albedo = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gAlbedo, texCoord).rgb;
+    float2 metallicRoughness = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gMetallicRoughness, texCoord).rg;
+
+    if (isSprite == 1.0)
+    {
+        float3 lightDir = PointLightPosition - worldPosition;
+        float3 L = normalize(lightDir);
+        float distance = length(lightDir);
+        float attenuation = 1.0 / (distance * distance);
+        float3 radiance = PointLightColor * attenuation;
+
+        return float4(albedo * radiance * 0.1, 1.0);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return ComputeColor(
+            worldPosition,
+            normal,
+            albedo,
+            metallicRoughness.r,
+            metallicRoughness.g
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+Technique DeferredPBR_Point
+{
+    Pass
+    {
+        VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 main_vs();
+        PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 main_ps();
+    }
+}

Effects/HLSL/Deferred_ToonEffect.fx

@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+#include "Macros.fxh"
+#include "Shadow.fxh"
+#include "Dither.fxh"
+
+static const int NUM_SHADOW_CASCADES = 4;
+
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(gPosition, 0);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(gAlbedo, 1);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(gNormal, 2);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(gMetallicRoughness, 3);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(shadowMapOne, 4);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(shadowMapTwo, 5);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(shadowMapThree, 6);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(shadowMapFour, 7);
+
+BEGIN_CONSTANTS
+
+float3 EyePosition                           _ps(c0)     _cb(c0);
+
+float3 DirectionalLightDirection             _ps(c1)     _cb(c1);
+float3 DirectionalLightColor                 _ps(c2)     _cb(c2);
+
+float CascadeFarPlanes[NUM_SHADOW_CASCADES]  _ps(c4)     _cb(c4);
+
+float ShadowMapSize                          _ps(c8)     _cb(c8);
+
+MATRIX_CONSTANTS
+
+float4x4 LightSpaceMatrixOne                 _ps(c9)     _cb(c9);
+float4x4 LightSpaceMatrixTwo                 _ps(c13)    _cb(c13);
+float4x4 LightSpaceMatrixThree               _ps(c17)    _cb(c17);
+float4x4 LightSpaceMatrixFour                _ps(c21)    _cb(c21);
+
+float4x4 ViewMatrix                          _ps(c25)    _cb(c25);
+
+END_CONSTANTS
+
+struct VertexInput
+{
+    float4 Position : POSITION;
+    float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD;
+};
+
+struct PixelInput
+{
+    float4 Position : SV_POSITION;
+    float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0;
+};
+
+PixelInput main_vs(VertexInput input)
+{
+    PixelInput output;
+
+    output.Position = input.Position;
+    output.TexCoord = input.TexCoord;
+
+    return output;
+}
+
+float ComputeShadow(float3 positionWorldSpace, float3 N, float3 L)
+{
+    float4 positionCameraSpace = mul(float4(positionWorldSpace, 1.0), ViewMatrix);
+
+    int shadowCascadeIndex = 0; // 0 is closest
+    for (int i = 0; i < NUM_SHADOW_CASCADES; i++)
+    {
+        if (abs(positionCameraSpace.z) < CascadeFarPlanes[i])
+        {
+            shadowCascadeIndex = i;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    float4x4 lightSpaceMatrix;
+
+    if (shadowCascadeIndex == 0)
+    {
+        lightSpaceMatrix = LightSpaceMatrixOne;
+    }
+    else if (shadowCascadeIndex == 1)
+    {
+        lightSpaceMatrix = LightSpaceMatrixTwo;
+    }
+    else if (shadowCascadeIndex == 2)
+    {
+        lightSpaceMatrix = LightSpaceMatrixThree;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        lightSpaceMatrix = LightSpaceMatrixFour;
+    }
+
+    if (shadowCascadeIndex == 0)
+    {
+        return HardShadow(
+            positionWorldSpace,
+            N,
+            L,
+            lightSpaceMatrix,
+            SAMPLER(shadowMapOne),
+            ShadowMapSize
+        );
+    }
+    else if (shadowCascadeIndex == 1)
+    {
+        return HardShadow(
+            positionWorldSpace,
+            N,
+            L,
+            lightSpaceMatrix,
+            SAMPLER(shadowMapTwo),
+            ShadowMapSize
+        );
+    }
+    else if (shadowCascadeIndex == 2)
+    {
+        return HardShadow(
+            positionWorldSpace,
+            N,
+            L,
+            lightSpaceMatrix,
+            SAMPLER(shadowMapThree),
+            ShadowMapSize
+        );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return HardShadow(
+            positionWorldSpace,
+            N,
+            L,
+            lightSpaceMatrix,
+            SAMPLER(shadowMapFour),
+            ShadowMapSize
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+float IntensityBanding(float NdotL)
+{
+    // if (NdotL > 0.5)
+    // {
+    //     return 1.0;
+    // }
+    // else if (NdotL > 0.25)
+    // {
+    //     return 0.5;
+    // }
+    // else if (NdotL > 0.0)
+    // {
+    //     return 0.25;
+    // }
+    // else
+    // {
+    //     return 0.0;
+    // }
+    if (NdotL > 0)
+    {
+        return 1.0;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return 0.25;
+    }
+}
+
+float4 FlatShadow(PixelInput input) : SV_TARGET0
+{
+    float2 screenPosition = input.Position.xy;
+    float3 worldPosition = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gPosition, input.TexCoord).rgb;
+    float3 normal = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gNormal, input.TexCoord).xyz;
+    float3 albedo = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gAlbedo, input.TexCoord).rgb;
+    float2 metallicRoughness = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gMetallicRoughness, input.TexCoord).rg;
+
+    // the lower the glossiness, the sharper the specular highlight
+    float glossiness = lerp(64, 16, 1.0 - metallicRoughness.r);
+
+    float3 V = normalize(EyePosition - worldPosition);
+    float3 L = normalize(DirectionalLightDirection);
+    float3 N = normalize(normal);
+    float3 H = normalize(V + L);
+
+    float NdotL = dot(N, L);
+    float NdotH = max(dot(N, H), 0.0);
+
+    float lightIntensity = IntensityBanding(NdotL);
+    float3 light = lightIntensity * DirectionalLightColor;
+
+    float specularIntensity = pow(NdotH * lightIntensity, glossiness * glossiness);
+    float specularSmooth = smoothstep(0.005, 0.01, specularIntensity);
+
+    float3 specular = specularSmooth * float3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
+
+    if (metallicRoughness.r == 0.0) { specular = float3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0); }
+
+    float3 rimColor = float3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
+    float rimThreshold = 0.1;
+    float rimAmount = 1 - metallicRoughness.g;
+    float rimDot = 1 - dot(V, N);
+    float rimIntensity = rimDot * pow(max(NdotL, 0.0), rimThreshold);
+    rimIntensity = smoothstep(rimAmount - 0.01, rimAmount + 0.01, rimIntensity);
+    float3 rim = rimIntensity * rimColor;
+
+    float shadow = ComputeShadow(worldPosition, N, L);
+    float3 color = albedo * (light + specular + rim) * shadow;
+
+    return float4(color, 1.0);
+}
+
+// FIXME: organize this
+float4 DitheredShadow(PixelInput input) : SV_TARGET0
+{
+    float2 screenPosition = input.Position.xy;
+    float3 worldPosition = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gPosition, input.TexCoord).rgb;
+    float3 normal = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gNormal, input.TexCoord).xyz;
+    float3 albedo = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gAlbedo, input.TexCoord).rgb;
+    float2 metallicRoughness = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(gMetallicRoughness, input.TexCoord).rg;
+
+    // the lower the glossiness, the sharper the specular highlight
+    float glossiness = lerp(64, 16, 1.0 - metallicRoughness.r);
+
+    float3 V = normalize(EyePosition - worldPosition);
+    float3 L = normalize(DirectionalLightDirection);
+    float3 N = normalize(normal);
+    float3 H = normalize(V + L);
+
+    float NdotL = dot(N, L);
+    float NdotH = max(dot(N, H), 0.0);
+
+    float lightIntensity = IntensityBanding(NdotL);
+    //float3 light = lightIntensity * DirectionalLightColor;
+    float3 light = DirectionalLightColor;
+
+    if (lightIntensity < 1)
+    {
+        light *= dither(lightIntensity, screenPosition);
+    }
+
+    float specularIntensity = pow(NdotH * lightIntensity, glossiness * glossiness);
+    float specularSmooth = smoothstep(0.005, 0.01, specularIntensity);
+
+    float3 specular = specularSmooth * float3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
+
+    if (metallicRoughness.r == 0.0) { specular = float3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0); }
+
+    float3 rimColor = float3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
+    float rimThreshold = 0.1;
+    float rimAmount = 1 - metallicRoughness.g;
+    float rimDot = 1 - dot(V, N);
+    float rimIntensity = rimDot * pow(max(NdotL, 0.0), rimThreshold);
+    rimIntensity = smoothstep(rimAmount - 0.01, rimAmount + 0.01, rimIntensity);
+    float3 rim = rimIntensity * rimColor;
+
+    float shadow = ComputeShadow(worldPosition, N, L);
+    float3 color = albedo * (light + specular + rim); // * shadow;
+
+    if (shadow < 1)
+    {
+        color *= dither(shadow, screenPosition);
+    }
+
+    return float4(color, 1.0);
+}
+
+PixelShader PSArray[2] =
+{
+    compile ps_3_0 FlatShadow(),
+    compile ps_3_0 DitheredShadow()
+};
+
+int PSIndices[2] =
+{
+    0, 1
+};
+
+int ShaderIndex = 0;
+
+Technique Deferred_Toon
+{
+    Pass
+    {
+        VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 main_vs();
+        PixelShader = (PSArray[PSIndices[ShaderIndex]]);
+    }
+}

Effects/HLSL/DiffuseLitSpriteEffect.fx

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+#include "Macros.fxh" //from FNA
+
+// Effect applies normalmapped lighting to a 2D sprite.
+
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(Texture, 0);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(Normal, 1);
+
+float3 AmbientColor;
+
+float3 PointLightPositions[8];
+float3 PointLightColors[8];
+
+float3 DirectionalLightDirection;
+float3 DirectionalLightColor;
+
+float4 UVOffsetAndDimensions;
+
+float4x4 WorldInverseTranspose;
+float4x4 World;
+float4x4 WorldViewProjection;
+
+struct VertexShaderInput
+{
+    float4 Position : POSITION;
+    float3 Normal   : NORMAL;
+    float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0;
+};
+
+struct PixelShaderInput
+{
+    float4 Position     : SV_Position;
+    float2 TexCoord     : TEXCOORD0;
+    float3 NormalWS     : TEXCOORD1;
+    float3 PositionWS   : TEXCOORD2;
+};
+
+PixelShaderInput main_vs(VertexShaderInput input)
+{
+    PixelShaderInput output;
+
+    output.Position = mul(input.Position, WorldViewProjection);
+    output.NormalWS = normalize(mul(input.Normal, (float3x3)WorldInverseTranspose));
+    output.PositionWS = mul(input.Position, World).xyz;
+
+    float2 texCoord;
+    texCoord.x = (input.TexCoord.x * UVOffsetAndDimensions.z) + UVOffsetAndDimensions.x;
+    texCoord.y = (input.TexCoord.y * UVOffsetAndDimensions.w) + UVOffsetAndDimensions.y;
+    output.TexCoord = texCoord;
+
+    return output;
+}
+
+// Easy trick to get tangent-normals to world-space to keep PBR code simplified.
+float3 GetNormalFromMap(float3 worldPos, float2 texCoords, float3 normal)
+{
+    float3 tangentNormal = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(Normal, texCoords).xyz * 2.0 - 1.0;
+
+    float3 Q1  = ddx(worldPos);
+    float3 Q2  = ddy(worldPos);
+    float2 st1 = ddx(texCoords);
+    float2 st2 = ddy(texCoords);
+
+    float3 N   = normalize(normal);
+    float3 T  = normalize(Q1*st2.y - Q2*st1.y);
+    float3 B  = -normalize(cross(N, T));
+    float3x3 TBN = float3x3(T, B, N);
+
+    return normalize(mul(tangentNormal, TBN));
+}
+
+float4 LightColor(float3 worldPosition, float3 worldNormal)
+{
+    float3 lightColor = float3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+
+    // point lights
+    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+    {
+        float3 lightVec = PointLightPositions[i] - worldPosition;
+        float distance = length(lightVec);
+
+        float3 lightDir = normalize(lightVec);
+        float diffuse = max(dot(worldNormal, lightDir), 0.0);
+        float3 attenuation = 1.0 / (distance * distance);
+
+        lightColor += diffuse * attenuation * PointLightColors[i];
+    }
+
+    // directional light
+    float directionalDiffuse = max(dot(worldNormal, DirectionalLightDirection), 0.0);
+    lightColor += directionalDiffuse * DirectionalLightColor;
+
+    // ambient light
+    lightColor += AmbientColor;
+
+    return float4(lightColor, 1.0);
+}
+
+float4 WithoutNormalMap(PixelShaderInput input) : COLOR0
+{
+    float4 tex = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(Texture, input.TexCoord);
+
+    if (tex.a == 0.0) { discard; }
+
+    float3 normalWS = normalize(input.NormalWS);
+
+    return tex * LightColor(input.PositionWS, normalWS);
+}
+
+float4 WithNormalMap(PixelShaderInput input) : COLOR0
+{
+    float4 tex = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(Texture, input.TexCoord);
+
+    if (tex.a == 0.0) { discard; }
+
+    float3 normalWS = GetNormalFromMap(input.PositionWS, input.TexCoord, input.NormalWS);
+
+    return tex * LightColor(input.PositionWS, normalWS);
+}
+
+PixelShader PSArray[2] =
+{
+    compile ps_3_0 WithoutNormalMap(),
+    compile ps_3_0 WithNormalMap()
+};
+
+int PSIndices[2] =
+{
+    0, 1
+};
+
+int ShaderIndex = 0;
+
+Technique DiffuseLitSprite
+{
+    pass
+    {
+        VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 main_vs();
+        PixelShader = (PSArray[PSIndices[ShaderIndex]]);
+    }
+}

Effects/HLSL/Dither.fxh

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#include "Conversion.fxh"
+
+// technique from http://alex-charlton.com/posts/Dithering_on_the_GPU/
+
+uniform float3 palette[8];
+static const int paletteSize = 8;
+
+static const int indexMatrix4x4[16] =
+{
+     0,  8,  2, 10,
+    12,  4, 14,  6,
+     3, 11,  1,  9,
+    15,  7, 13,  5
+};
+
+float indexValue(float2 screenCoords)
+{
+    int x = int(screenCoords.x % 4);
+    int y = int(screenCoords.y % 4);
+
+    return indexMatrix4x4[(x + y * 4)] / 16.0;
+}
+
+float hueDistance(float h1, float h2)
+{
+    float diff = abs(h1 - h2);
+    return min(abs(1.0 - diff), diff);
+}
+
+void closestColors(float hue, out float3 ret[2])
+{
+    float3 closest = float3(-2, 0, 0);
+    float3 secondClosest = float3(-2, 0, 0);
+    float3 temp;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < paletteSize; i++)
+    {
+        temp = palette[i];
+        float tempDistance = hueDistance(temp.x, hue);
+        if (tempDistance < hueDistance(closest.x, hue))
+        {
+            secondClosest = closest;
+            closest = temp;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (tempDistance < hueDistance(secondClosest.x, hue))
+            {
+                secondClosest = temp;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    ret[0] = closest;
+    ret[1] = secondClosest;
+}
+
+float3 dither(float3 color, float2 screenCoords)
+{
+    float3 colors[2];
+    float3 hsl = RGBtoHSL(color);
+    closestColors(hsl.x, colors);
+    float3 closestColor = colors[0];
+    float3 secondClosestColor = colors[1];
+    float d = indexValue(screenCoords);
+    float hueDiff = hueDistance(hsl.x, closestColor.x) / hueDistance(secondClosestColor.x, secondClosestColor.x);
+    return HSLtoRGB(hueDiff < d ? closestColor : secondClosestColor);
+}
+
+// brightColor refers to undithered max color
+// float3 dither(float3 color, float3 brightColor, float2 screenCoords)
+// {
+//     float brightHue = RGBtoHSL(brightColor.x);
+//     float colorHue = RGBtoHSL(color.x);
+//     float halfDistance = hueDistance(0.0, brightHue) / 2.0;
+//     float3 closestColor = (colorHue < halfDistance) ? float3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0) : brightColor;
+//     float3 secondClosestColor = brightColor - closestColor;
+//     float d = indexValue(screenCoords);
+//     float distance = abs(closestColor - color);
+//     return (distance < d) ? closestColor : secondClosestColor;
+// }
+
+float3 dither(float color, float2 screenCoords) {
+    float closestColor = (color < 0.5) ? 0 : 1;
+    float secondClosestColor = 1 - closestColor;
+    float d = indexValue(screenCoords);
+    float distance = abs(closestColor - color);
+    return (distance < d) ? closestColor : secondClosestColor;
+}

Effects/HLSL/Lighting.fxh

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+static const float PI = 3.141592653589793;
+
+float3 FresnelSchlick(float cosTheta, float3 F0)
+{
+    return F0 + (1.0 - F0) * pow(1.0 - cosTheta, 5.0);
+}
+
+float DistributionGGX(float3 N, float3 H, float roughness)
+{
+    float a = roughness * roughness;
+    float a2 = a * a;
+    float NdotH = max(dot(N, H), 0.0);
+    float NdotH2 = NdotH * NdotH;
+
+    float num = a2;
+    float denom = (NdotH2 * (a2 - 1.0) + 1.0);
+    denom = PI * denom * denom;
+
+    return num / denom;
+}
+
+float GeometrySchlickGGX(float NdotV, float roughness)
+{
+    float r = (roughness + 1.0);
+    float k = (r * r) / 8.0;
+
+    float num = NdotV;
+    float denom = NdotV * (1.0 - k) + k;
+
+    return num / denom;
+}
+
+float GeometrySmith(float3 N, float3 V, float3 L, float roughness)
+{
+    float NdotV = max(dot(N, V), 0.0);
+    float NdotL = max(dot(N, L), 0.0);
+    float ggx2 = GeometrySchlickGGX(NdotV, roughness);
+    float ggx1 = GeometrySchlickGGX(NdotL, roughness);
+
+    return ggx1 * ggx2;
+}
+
+float3 ComputeLight(
+    float3 L,
+    float3 radiance,
+    float3 F0,
+    float3 V,
+    float3 N,
+    float3 albedo,
+    float metallic,
+    float roughness,
+    float visibility
+) {
+    float3 H = normalize(V + L);
+
+    float NDF = DistributionGGX(N, H, roughness);
+    float G = GeometrySmith(N, V, L, roughness);
+    float3 F = FresnelSchlick(max(dot(H, V), 0.0), F0);
+
+    float3 numerator = NDF * G * F;
+    float denominator = 4.0 * max(dot(N, V), 0.0) * max(dot(N, L), 0.0);
+    float3 specular = numerator / max(denominator, 0.001);
+
+    float3 kS = F;
+    float3 kD = float3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0) - kS;
+
+    kD *= 1.0 - metallic;
+
+    float NdotL = max(dot(N, L), 0.0);
+    return (kD * albedo / PI + specular) * radiance * NdotL * visibility;
+}

Effects/HLSL/LinearDepthEffect.fx

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#include "Macros.fxh"
+
+BEGIN_CONSTANTS
+
+    float4x4 Model                  _vs(c0)             _cb(c0);
+    float4x4 ModelViewProjection    _vs(c4)             _cb(c4);
+
+    float3 LightPosition                      _ps(c0)   _cb(c8);
+    float FarPlane                            _ps(c1)   _cb(c9);
+
+END_CONSTANTS
+
+struct VertexShaderInput
+{
+    float4 Position : POSITION;
+};
+
+struct VertexShaderOutput
+{
+    float4 Position : SV_Position;
+    float3 PositionWorld : TEXCOORD0;
+};
+
+VertexShaderOutput main_vs(VertexShaderInput input)
+{
+    VertexShaderOutput output;
+    output.Position = mul(input.Position, ModelViewProjection);
+    output.Position.x *= -1; // otherwise cube map render will be horizontally flipped
+    output.PositionWorld = mul(input.Position, Model);
+    return output;
+}
+
+float4 main_ps(VertexShaderOutput input) : SV_TARGET0
+{
+    float lightDistance = length(input.PositionWorld - LightPosition);
+    lightDistance /= FarPlane;
+    return float4(lightDistance, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+}
+
+Technique SimpleDepth
+{
+    Pass
+    {
+        VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 main_vs();
+        PixelShader  = compile ps_3_0 main_ps();
+    }
+}

Effects/HLSL/LinearDepthEffectInstanced.fx

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#include "Macros.fxh"
+
+BEGIN_CONSTANTS
+
+    float4x4 ViewProjection    _vs(c4)             _cb(c4);
+
+    float3 LightPosition                 _ps(c0)   _cb(c8);
+    float FarPlane                       _ps(c1)   _cb(c9);
+
+END_CONSTANTS
+
+struct VertexShaderInput
+{
+    float4 Position : POSITION;
+};
+
+struct VertexShaderOutput
+{
+    float4 Position : SV_Position;
+    float3 PositionWorld : TEXCOORD0;
+};
+
+VertexShaderOutput instanced_vs(VertexShaderInput input, float3 Translation : TEXCOORD2)
+{
+    VertexShaderOutput output;
+
+    float4x4 world = float4x4(
+        float4(1, 0, 0, 0),
+        float4(0, 1, 0, 0),
+        float4(0, 0, 1, 0),
+        float4(Translation.x, Translation.y, Translation.z, 1)
+    );
+
+    float4x4 worldViewProjection = mul(world, ViewProjection);
+    output.Position = mul(input.Position, worldViewProjection);
+    output.Position.x *= -1; // otherwise cube map render will be horizontally flipped
+    output.PositionWorld = mul(input.Position, world);
+    return output;
+}
+
+float4 main_ps(VertexShaderOutput input) : SV_TARGET0
+{
+    float lightDistance = length(input.PositionWorld - LightPosition);
+    lightDistance /= FarPlane;
+    return float4(lightDistance, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+}
+
+Technique SimpleDepth
+{
+    Pass
+    {
+        VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 instanced_vs();
+        PixelShader  = compile ps_3_0 main_ps();
+    }
+}

Effects/HLSL/Macros.fxh

@@ -54,4 +54,5 @@
 #define SAMPLE_TEXTURE(Name, texCoord)  tex2D(Name##Sampler, texCoord)
 #define SAMPLE_CUBEMAP(Name, texCoord)  texCUBE(Name##Sampler, texCoord)
 #define SAMPLE_CUBEMAP_LOD(Name, texCoord)  texCUBElod(Name##Sampler, texCoord)
+#define SAMPLER(Name) Name##Sampler
 #endif

Effects/HLSL/PaletteCrushEffect.fx

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#include "Macros.fxh"
+
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(Texture, 0);
+DECLARE_TEXTURE(Palette, 1);
+
+BEGIN_CONSTANTS
+
+	int PaletteWidth   _ps(c0)   _cb(c0);
+
+END_CONSTANTS
+
+struct VertexInput
+{
+	float4 Position : POSITION;
+	float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD;
+};
+
+struct PixelInput
+{
+	float4 Position : SV_POSITION;
+	float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0;
+};
+
+PixelInput main_vs(VertexInput input)
+{
+	PixelInput output;
+
+	output.Position = input.Position;
+	output.TexCoord = input.TexCoord;
+
+	return output;
+}
+
+float4 main_ps(PixelInput input) : SV_TARGET0
+{
+	float4 sampled = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(Texture, input.TexCoord);
+
+	float3 sampled_color = sampled.rgb;
+	
+	float3 closest_color = float3(0, 0, 0);
+	float closest_dist = 100000;
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < PaletteWidth; i++)
+	{
+		float texX = (i / (float)PaletteWidth);
+		float3 palette_color = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(Palette, float2(texX, 0));
+		float dist = distance(palette_color, sampled_color);
+		if (dist < closest_dist)
+		{
+			closest_dist = dist;
+			closest_color = palette_color;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return float4(closest_color, sampled.a);
+}
+
+Technique PaletteCrush
+{
+	Pass
+	{
+		VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 main_vs();
+		PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 main_ps();
+	}
+}

Effects/HLSL/Shadow.fxh

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+static float2 poissonDisk[16] = 
+{
+   float2( -0.94201624, -0.39906216 ), 
+   float2( 0.94558609, -0.76890725 ), 
+   float2( -0.094184101, -0.92938870 ), 
+   float2( 0.34495938, 0.29387760 ), 
+   float2( -0.91588581, 0.45771432 ), 
+   float2( -0.81544232, -0.87912464 ), 
+   float2( -0.38277543, 0.27676845 ), 
+   float2( 0.97484398, 0.75648379 ), 
+   float2( 0.44323325, -0.97511554 ), 
+   float2( 0.53742981, -0.47373420 ), 
+   float2( -0.26496911, -0.41893023 ), 
+   float2( 0.79197514, 0.19090188 ), 
+   float2( -0.24188840, 0.99706507 ), 
+   float2( -0.81409955, 0.91437590 ), 
+   float2( 0.19984126, 0.78641367 ), 
+   float2( 0.14383161, -0.14100790 ) 
+};
+
+// TODO: this should probably sample a noise texture instead
+// Returns a random number based on a vec3 and an int.
+float random(float3 seed, int i){
+	float4 seed4 = float4(seed, i);
+	float dot_product = dot(seed4, float4(12.9898,78.233,45.164,94.673));
+	return frac(sin(dot_product) * 43758.5453);
+}
+
+float PoissonCoord(sampler shadowMap, float3 worldPosition, float2 texCoord, float fragmentDepth, float bias)
+{
+    float visibility = 1.0;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+    {
+        int index = int(16.0 * random(floor(worldPosition * 1000.0), i)) % 16;
+
+        if (tex2D(shadowMap, texCoord + poissonDisk[index] / 1024.0).r < fragmentDepth - bias)
+        {
+            visibility -= 0.05;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return visibility;
+}
+
+float PoissonShadow(
+    float3 positionWorldSpace, 
+    float3 N, 
+    float3 L,
+    float4x4 lightSpaceMatrix,
+    sampler shadowMap,
+    int shadowMapSize
+) {
+    float bias = 0.005 * tan(acos(dot(N, L)));
+    bias = clamp(bias, 0, 0.01);
+
+    float4 positionLightSpace = mul(float4(positionWorldSpace, 1.0), lightSpaceMatrix);
+
+    // maps to [-1, 1]
+    float3 projectionCoords = positionLightSpace.xyz / positionLightSpace.w;
+
+    // maps to [0, 1]
+    // NOTE: In XNA, clip space z is [0, 1] range
+    projectionCoords.x = (projectionCoords.x * 0.5) + 0.5;
+    projectionCoords.y = (projectionCoords.y * 0.5) + 0.5;
+    projectionCoords.y *= -1;
+
+    if (projectionCoords.z > 1.0)
+    {
+        return 1.0;
+    }
+
+    float inc = 1.0 / shadowMapSize;
+
+    // Poisson soft shadows
+    float visibility = 0.0;
+
+    visibility = PoissonCoord(
+        shadowMap, 
+        positionWorldSpace,
+        projectionCoords.xy,
+        projectionCoords.z,
+        bias
+    );
+
+    return visibility;
+}
+
+float HardShadow(
+    float3 positionWorldSpace, 
+    float3 N, 
+    float3 L,
+    float4x4 lightSpaceMatrix,
+    sampler shadowMap,
+    int shadowMapSize
+) {
+    // float bias = 0.005 * tan(acos(dot(N, L)));
+    // bias = clamp(bias, 0, 0.01);
+
+    float bias = max(0.05 * (1.0 - dot(N, L)), 0.005);  
+
+    float4 positionLightSpace = mul(float4(positionWorldSpace, 1.0), lightSpaceMatrix);
+
+    // maps to [-1, 1]
+    float3 projectionCoords = positionLightSpace.xyz / positionLightSpace.w;
+
+    // maps to [0, 1]
+    // NOTE: In XNA, clip space z is [0, 1] range
+    projectionCoords.x = (projectionCoords.x * 0.5) + 0.5;
+    projectionCoords.y = (projectionCoords.y * 0.5) + 0.5;
+    projectionCoords.y *= -1;
+
+    if (projectionCoords.z > 1.0)
+    {
+        return 1.0;
+    }
+
+    float closestDepth = tex2D(shadowMap, projectionCoords.xy);
+    float currentDepth = projectionCoords.z;
+
+    return (currentDepth - bias > closestDepth ? 0.25 : 1.0);
+}
+
+float HardPointShadow(
+    float3 positionWorldSpace, 
+    float3 N, 
+    float3 L,
+    float3 lightPosition,
+    sampler shadowMap,
+    float farPlane
+) {
+    float3 lightToFrag = positionWorldSpace - lightPosition;
+    float closestDepth = texCUBE(shadowMap, lightToFrag).r;
+    closestDepth *= farPlane;
+
+    float currentDepth = length(lightToFrag);
+
+    float bias = max(0.05 * (1.0 - dot(N, L)), 0.005);  
+
+    return (currentDepth - bias > closestDepth ? 0 : 1.0);
+}

Effects/HLSL/SimpleDepthEffect.fx

@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@
 
 BEGIN_CONSTANTS
 
-    float4x4 ModelViewProjection    _vs(c0)             _cb(c0);
-
 MATRIX_CONSTANTS
 
+    float4x4 World             _vs(c0)             _cb(c0);
+    float4x4 ViewProjection    _vs(c4)             _cb(c4);
+
 END_CONSTANTS
 
 struct VertexShaderInput
@@ -15,22 +16,31 @@ struct VertexShaderInput
 
 struct VertexShaderOutput
 {
-    float4 Position : SV_Position;
+    float4 Position : SV_POSITION;
+    float Depth : TEXCOORD0;
 };
 
 VertexShaderOutput main_vs(VertexShaderInput input)
 {
     VertexShaderOutput output;
 
-    output.Position = mul(float4(input.Position.xyz, 1.0), ModelViewProjection);
+    float4x4 worldViewProjection = mul(World, ViewProjection);
+    output.Position = mul(input.Position, worldViewProjection);
+    output.Depth = output.Position.z / output.Position.w;
 
     return output;
 }
 
+float4 main_ps(VertexShaderOutput input) : SV_TARGET0
+{
+    return float4(input.Depth, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+}
+
 Technique SimpleDepth
 {
     Pass
     {
         VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 main_vs();
+        PixelShader  = compile ps_3_0 main_ps();
     }
 }

Effects/HLSL/SimpleDepthEffectInstanced.fx

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+float4x4 ViewProjection;
+
+struct VertexShaderInput
+{
+    float4 Position : POSITION;
+};
+
+struct VertexShaderOutput
+{
+    float4 Position : POSITION0;
+    float4 ProjectedPosition : TEXCOORD0;
+};
+
+VertexShaderOutput instanced_vs(VertexShaderInput input, float3 Translation : TEXCOORD2)
+{
+    VertexShaderOutput output;
+    
+    float4x4 world = float4x4(
+        float4(1, 0, 0, 0),
+        float4(0, 1, 0, 0),
+        float4(0, 0, 1, 0),
+        float4(Translation.x, Translation.y, Translation.z, 1)
+    );
+
+    float4x4 worldViewProjection = mul(world, ViewProjection);
+
+    output.Position = mul(input.Position, worldViewProjection);
+    output.ProjectedPosition = output.Position;
+
+    return output;
+}
+
+float4 main_ps(VertexShaderOutput input) : COLOR0
+{
+    return float4(input.ProjectedPosition.z / input.ProjectedPosition.w, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+}
+
+Technique SimpleDepth
+{
+    Pass
+    {
+        VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 instanced_vs();
+        PixelShader  = compile ps_3_0 main_ps();
+    }
+}

Effects/HLSL/SkyboxEffect.fx

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#include "Macros.fxh"
+
+DECLARE_CUBEMAP(skybox, 0);
+
+BEGIN_CONSTANTS
+
+    float4x4 ViewProjection _vs(c0)    _cb(c0);
+
+END_CONSTANTS
+
+struct VertexShaderInput
+{
+    float3 Position : POSITION;
+};
+
+struct VertexShaderOutput
+{
+    float4 Position : SV_POSITION;
+    float3 TexCoord : TEXCOORD;
+};
+
+VertexShaderOutput main_vs(VertexShaderInput input)
+{
+    VertexShaderOutput output;
+
+    output.Position = mul(float4(input.Position, 1.0), ViewProjection);
+    output.Position = output.Position.xyww;
+    output.TexCoord = input.Position;
+
+    return output;
+}
+
+float4 main_ps(VertexShaderOutput input) : SV_TARGET0
+{
+    return SAMPLE_CUBEMAP(skybox, input.TexCoord);
+}
+
+Technique Skybox
+{
+    Pass
+    {
+        VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 main_vs();
+        PixelShader  = compile ps_3_0 main_ps();
+    }
+}

Effects/HLSL/ToneMapEffect.fx

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+sampler TextureSampler : register(s0);
+
+float4 main_ps(float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD0) : COLOR0
+{
+    float3 color = tex2D(TextureSampler, texCoord).xyz;
+
+    color = color / (color + float3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0));
+    float exposureConstant = 1.0 / 2.2;
+    color = pow(color, float3(exposureConstant, exposureConstant, exposureConstant));
+
+    return float4(color, 1.0);
+}
+
+Technique DeferredPBR
+{
+    Pass
+    {
+        PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 main_ps();
+    }
+}

Effects/LinearDepthEffect.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public class LinearDepthEffect : Effect, IHasWorldMatrix
+    {
+        EffectParameter worldParam;
+        EffectParameter worldViewProjectionParam;
+        EffectParameter lightPositionParam;
+        EffectParameter farPlaneParam;
+
+        EffectDirtyFlags dirtyFlags = EffectDirtyFlags.All;
+
+        Matrix world;
+        Matrix view;
+        Matrix projection;
+
+        public Vector3 LightPosition { get; set; }
+        public float FarPlane { get; set; }
+
+        public Matrix World
+        {
+            get { return world; }
+            set
+            {
+                world = value;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.World;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Matrix View
+        {
+            get { return view; }
+            set
+            {
+                view = value;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Matrix Projection
+        {
+            get { return projection; }
+            set
+            {
+                projection = value;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public LinearDepthEffect(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) : base(graphicsDevice, Resources.LinearDepthEffect)
+        {
+            CacheEffectParameters();
+        }
+
+        protected override void OnApply()
+        {
+            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj) != 0)
+            {
+                Matrix.Multiply(ref view, ref projection, out Matrix viewProjection);
+                Matrix.Multiply(ref world, ref viewProjection, out Matrix worldViewProj);
+
+                worldViewProjectionParam.SetValue(worldViewProj);
+
+                dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj;
+            }
+
+            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.World) != 0)
+            {
+                worldParam.SetValue(world);
+                
+                dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.World;
+            }
+
+            lightPositionParam.SetValue(LightPosition);
+            farPlaneParam.SetValue(FarPlane);
+        }
+
+        private void CacheEffectParameters()
+        {
+            worldParam               = Parameters["Model"];
+            worldViewProjectionParam = Parameters["ModelViewProjection"];
+
+            lightPositionParam       = Parameters["LightPosition"];
+            farPlaneParam            = Parameters["FarPlane"];
+        }
+    }
+}

Effects/LinearDepthEffectInstanced.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public class LinearDepthEffectInstanced : Effect
+    {
+        EffectParameter viewProjectionParam;
+        EffectParameter lightPositionParam;
+        EffectParameter farPlaneParam;
+
+        EffectDirtyFlags dirtyFlags = EffectDirtyFlags.All;
+
+        Matrix view;
+        Matrix projection;
+
+        public Vector3 LightPosition { get; set; }
+        public float FarPlane { get; set; }
+
+        public Matrix View
+        {
+            get { return view; }
+            set
+            {
+                view = value;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.ViewProj;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Matrix Projection
+        {
+            get { return projection; }
+            set
+            {
+                projection = value;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.ViewProj;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public LinearDepthEffectInstanced(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) : base(graphicsDevice, Resources.LinearDepthEffectInstanced)
+        {
+            CacheEffectParameters();
+        }
+
+        protected override void OnApply()
+        {
+            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.ViewProj) != 0)
+            {
+                Matrix.Multiply(ref view, ref projection, out Matrix viewProjection);
+                viewProjectionParam.SetValue(viewProjection);
+
+                dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.ViewProj;
+            }
+
+            lightPositionParam.SetValue(LightPosition);
+            farPlaneParam.SetValue(FarPlane);
+        }
+
+        private void CacheEffectParameters()
+        {
+            viewProjectionParam      = Parameters["ViewProjection"];
+
+            lightPositionParam       = Parameters["LightPosition"];
+            farPlaneParam            = Parameters["FarPlane"];
+        }
+    }
+}

Effects/PBREffect.cs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
 
 namespace Kav
 {
-    public class PBREffect : Effect, TransformEffect, PointLightEffect, DirectionalLightEffect
+    public class PBREffect : Effect, TransformEffect, PointLightEffect
     {
         EffectParameter worldParam;
         EffectParameter worldViewProjectionParam;
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ namespace Kav
         Matrix view = Matrix.Identity;
         Matrix projection = Matrix.Identity;
         PointLightCollection pointLightCollection;
-        DirectionalLightCollection directionalLightCollection;
 
         Vector3 albedo;
         float metallic;
@@ -84,14 +83,6 @@ namespace Kav
             private set { pointLightCollection = value; }
         }
 
-        public int MaxDirectionalLights { get; } = 4;
-
-        public DirectionalLightCollection DirectionalLights
-        {
-            get { return directionalLightCollection; }
-            private set { directionalLightCollection = value; }
-        }
-
         public Vector3 Albedo
         {
             get { return albedo; }
@@ -139,7 +130,7 @@ namespace Kav
             {
                 albedoTextureParam.SetValue(value);
                 albedoTextureEnabled = value != null;
-                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.ShaderIndex;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.PixelShaderIndex;
             }
         }
 
@@ -150,7 +141,7 @@ namespace Kav
             {
                 normalTextureParam.SetValue(value);
                 normalMapEnabled = value != null;
-                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.ShaderIndex;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.PixelShaderIndex;
             }
         }
 
@@ -173,7 +164,7 @@ namespace Kav
             {
                 metallicRoughnessTextureParam.SetValue(value);
                 metallicRoughnessMapEnabled = value != null;
-                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.ShaderIndex;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.PixelShaderIndex;
             }
         }
 
@@ -204,60 +195,6 @@ namespace Kav
                 Parameters["PositionLightColors"],
                 MaxPointLights
             );
-
-            directionalLightCollection = new DirectionalLightCollection(
-                Parameters["LightDirections"],
-                Parameters["DirectionLightColors"]
-            );
-        }
-
-        protected PBREffect(PBREffect cloneSource) : base(cloneSource)
-        {
-            CacheEffectParameters();
-
-            World = cloneSource.World;
-            View = cloneSource.View;
-            Projection = cloneSource.Projection;
-
-            PointLights = new PointLightCollection(
-                Parameters["LightPositions"],
-                Parameters["PositionLightColors"],
-                MaxPointLights
-            );
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < MaxPointLights; i++)
-            {
-                PointLights[i] = cloneSource.PointLights[i];
-            }
-
-            DirectionalLights = new DirectionalLightCollection(
-                Parameters["LightDirections"],
-                Parameters["DirectionLightColors"]
-            );
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < MaxDirectionalLights; i++)
-            {
-                DirectionalLights[i] = cloneSource.DirectionalLights[i];
-            }
-
-            AlbedoTexture = cloneSource.AlbedoTexture;
-            NormalTexture = cloneSource.NormalTexture;
-            EmissionTexture = cloneSource.EmissionTexture;
-            OcclusionTexture = cloneSource.OcclusionTexture;
-            MetallicRoughnessTexture = cloneSource.MetallicRoughnessTexture;
-            EnvDiffuseTexture = cloneSource.EnvDiffuseTexture;
-            BRDFLutTexture = cloneSource.BRDFLutTexture;
-            EnvSpecularTexture = cloneSource.EnvSpecularTexture;
-
-            Albedo = cloneSource.Albedo;
-            Metallic = cloneSource.Metallic;
-            Roughness = cloneSource.Roughness;
-            AO = cloneSource.AO;
-        }
-
-        public override Effect Clone()
-        {
-            return new PBREffect(this);
         }
 
         protected override void OnApply()
@@ -290,7 +227,7 @@ namespace Kav
                 dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.EyePosition;
             }
 
-            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.ShaderIndex) != 0)
+            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.PixelShaderIndex) != 0)
             {
                 int shaderIndex = 0;
 
@@ -325,7 +262,7 @@ namespace Kav
 
                 shaderIndexParam.SetValue(shaderIndex);
 
-                dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.ShaderIndex;
+                dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.PixelShaderIndex;
             }
         }
 

Effects/PaletteCrushEffect.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public class PaletteCrushEffect : Effect
+    {
+        EffectParameter textureParam;
+        EffectParameter paletteParam;
+        EffectParameter paletteWidthParam;
+
+        Texture2D texture;
+        Texture2D palette;
+
+        int paletteWidth;
+
+        public Texture2D Texture
+        {
+            get { return texture; }
+            set 
+            { 
+                texture = value;
+                textureParam.SetValue(texture); 
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Texture2D Palette
+        {
+            get { return palette; }
+            set
+            {
+                palette = value;
+                paletteWidth = palette.Width;
+                paletteParam.SetValue(palette);
+                paletteWidthParam.SetValue(paletteWidth);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public PaletteCrushEffect(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) : base(graphicsDevice, Resources.PaletteCrushEffect)
+        {
+            CacheEffectParameters();
+        }
+
+        void CacheEffectParameters()
+        {
+            textureParam = Parameters["Texture"];
+            paletteParam = Parameters["Palette"];
+
+            paletteWidthParam = Parameters["PaletteWidth"];
+        }
+    }
+}

Effects/PointLightCollection.cs

@@ -7,41 +7,24 @@ namespace Kav
     {
         private readonly Vector3[] positions;
         private readonly Vector3[] colors;
-        private readonly float[] intensities;
 
         readonly EffectParameter lightPositionsParam;
         readonly EffectParameter lightColorsParam;
 
         public PointLightCollection(EffectParameter lightPositionsParam, EffectParameter lightColorsParam, int maxLights)
         {
-            this.positions = new Vector3[maxLights];
+            positions = new Vector3[maxLights];
-            this.colors = new Vector3[maxLights];
+            colors = new Vector3[maxLights];
-            this.intensities = new float[maxLights];
             this.lightPositionsParam = lightPositionsParam;
             this.lightColorsParam = lightColorsParam;
         }
 
         public PointLight this[int i]
         {
-            get
-            {
-                var color = colors[i] / intensities[i];
-                return new PointLight(
-                    positions[i],
-                    new Color(
-                        color.X,
-                        color.Y,
-                        color.Z,
-                        1f
-                    ),
-                    intensities[i]
-                );
-            }
             set
             {
                 positions[i] = value.Position;
-                colors[i] = value.Color.ToVector3() * value.Intensity;
+                colors[i] = value.Color.ToVector3() * value.Radius;
-                intensities[i] = value.Intensity;
                 lightPositionsParam.SetValue(positions);
                 lightColorsParam.SetValue(colors);
             }

Effects/SimpleDepthEffect.cs

@@ -3,23 +3,24 @@ using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
 
 namespace Kav
 {
-    public class SimpleDepthEffect : Effect
+    public class SimpleDepthEffect : Effect, IHasWorldMatrix
     {
-        EffectParameter modelViewProjectionParam;
+        EffectParameter worldParam;
+        EffectParameter viewProjectionParam;
 
-        Matrix model;
+        Matrix world;
         Matrix view;
         Matrix projection;
 
         EffectDirtyFlags dirtyFlags = EffectDirtyFlags.All;
 
-        public Matrix Model
+        public Matrix World
         {
-            get { return model; }
+            get { return world; }
             set
             {
-                model = value;
+                world = value;
-                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.World;
             }
         }
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ namespace Kav
             set
             {
                 view = value;
-                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.ViewProj;
             }
         }
 
@@ -39,9 +40,10 @@ namespace Kav
             set
             {
                 projection = value;
-                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.ViewProj;
             }
         }
+
         public SimpleDepthEffect(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) : base(graphicsDevice, Resources.SimpleDepthEffect)
         {
             CacheEffectParameters();
@@ -49,20 +51,26 @@ namespace Kav
 
         protected override void OnApply()
         {
-            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj) != 0)
+            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.World) != 0)
             {
-                Matrix.Multiply(ref model, ref view, out Matrix modelView);
+                worldParam.SetValue(world);
-                Matrix.Multiply(ref modelView, ref projection, out Matrix worldViewProj);
 
-                modelViewProjectionParam.SetValue(worldViewProj);
+                dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.World;
+            }
 
-                dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj;
+            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.ViewProj) != 0)
+            {
+                Matrix.Multiply(ref view, ref projection, out Matrix viewProjection);
+                viewProjectionParam.SetValue(viewProjection);
+
+                dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.ViewProj;
             }
         }
 
         private void CacheEffectParameters()
         {
-            modelViewProjectionParam = Parameters["ModelViewProjection"];
+            worldParam = Parameters["World"];
+            viewProjectionParam = Parameters["ViewProjection"];
         }
     }
 }

Effects/SimpleDepthEffectInstanced.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public class SimpleDepthEffectInstanced : Effect
+    {
+        EffectParameter viewProjectionParam;
+
+        Matrix view;
+        Matrix projection;
+
+        EffectDirtyFlags dirtyFlags = EffectDirtyFlags.All;
+
+        public Matrix View
+        {
+            get { return view; }
+            set
+            {
+                view = value;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.ViewProj;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Matrix Projection
+        {
+            get { return projection; }
+            set
+            {
+                projection = value;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.ViewProj;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public SimpleDepthEffectInstanced(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) : base(graphicsDevice, Resources.SimpleDepthEffectInstanced)
+        {
+            CacheEffectParameters();
+        }
+
+        protected override void OnApply()
+        {
+            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.ViewProj) != 0)
+            {
+                Matrix.Multiply(ref view, ref projection, out Matrix viewProjection);
+                viewProjectionParam.SetValue(viewProjection);
+
+                dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.ViewProj;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void CacheEffectParameters()
+        {
+            viewProjectionParam = Parameters["ViewProjection"];
+        }
+    }
+}

Effects/SkyboxEffect.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public class SkyboxEffect : Effect
+    {
+        EffectParameter viewProjectionParam;
+        EffectParameter skyboxParam;
+
+        Matrix view;
+        Matrix projection;
+        TextureCube skybox;
+
+        EffectDirtyFlags dirtyFlags = EffectDirtyFlags.All;
+
+        public Matrix View
+        {
+            get { return view; }
+            set 
+            {
+                view = value;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Matrix Projection
+        {
+            get { return projection; }
+            set
+            {
+                projection = value;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public TextureCube Skybox
+        {
+            get { return skybox; }
+            set
+            {
+                skybox = value;
+                dirtyFlags |= EffectDirtyFlags.World; // hack flag but whatever
+            }
+        }
+
+        public SkyboxEffect(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) : base(graphicsDevice, Resources.SkyboxEffect)
+        {
+            CacheEffectParameters();
+        }
+
+        protected override void OnApply()
+        {
+            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj) != 0)
+            {
+                Matrix.Multiply(ref view, ref projection, out Matrix viewProjection);
+
+                viewProjectionParam.SetValue(viewProjection);
+
+                dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.WorldViewProj;
+            }
+
+            if ((dirtyFlags & EffectDirtyFlags.World) != 0)
+            {
+                skyboxParam.SetValue(skybox);
+
+                dirtyFlags &= ~EffectDirtyFlags.World;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void CacheEffectParameters()
+        {
+            viewProjectionParam = Parameters["ViewProjection"];
+            skyboxParam = Parameters["skybox"];
+        }
+    }
+}

Enums/SpriteBillboardConstraint.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public enum SpriteBillboardConstraint
+    {
+        None,
+        Horizontal,
+        Full
+    }
+}

Geometry/Interfaces/ICullable.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public interface ICullable
+    {
+        BoundingBox BoundingBox { get; }
+    }
+}

Geometry/Interfaces/IGBufferDrawable.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public interface IGBufferDrawable
+    {
+        Vector3 Albedo { get; }
+        float Metallic { get; }
+        float Roughness { get; }
+
+        Texture2D AlbedoTexture { get; }
+        Texture2D NormalTexture { get; }
+        Texture2D MetallicRoughnessTexture { get; }
+
+        int NumTextureRows { get; }
+        int NumTextureColumns { get; }
+    }
+}

Geometry/Interfaces/IHasVertexPositions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public interface IHasVertexPositions
+    {
+        Vector3[] Positions { get; }
+    }
+}

Geometry/Interfaces/IIndexDrawable.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public interface IIndexDrawable
+    {
+        VertexBuffer VertexBuffer { get; }
+        IndexBuffer IndexBuffer { get; }
+    }
+}

Geometry/Interfaces/ITransformable.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public interface ITransformable
+    {
+        Matrix TransformMatrix { get; }
+    }
+}

Geometry/Mesh.cs

@@ -1,12 +1,23 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+
 namespace Kav
 {
     public class Mesh
     {
         public MeshPart[] MeshParts { get; }
+        public BoundingBox BoundingBox { get; }
 
         public Mesh(MeshPart[] meshParts)
         {
             MeshParts = meshParts;
+
+            BoundingBox boundingBox = new BoundingBox();
+            foreach (var meshPart in MeshParts)
+            {
+                boundingBox = BoundingBox.CreateMerged(boundingBox, meshPart.BoundingBox);
+            }
+
+            BoundingBox = boundingBox;
         }
     }
 }

Geometry/MeshPart.cs

@@ -3,21 +3,60 @@ using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
 
 namespace Kav
 {
-    public class MeshPart
+    public class MeshPart : IIndexDrawable, IGBufferDrawable, ICullable, IHasVertexPositions
     {
         public IndexBuffer IndexBuffer { get; }
         public VertexBuffer VertexBuffer { get; }
         public Triangle[] Triangles { get; }
         public Vector3[] Positions { get; }
-        public Effect Effect { get; }
 
-        public MeshPart(VertexBuffer vertexBuffer, IndexBuffer indexBuffer, Vector3[] positions, Triangle[] triangles, Effect effect)
+        public BoundingBox BoundingBox { get; }
+
+        private Texture2D albedoTexture = null;
+        private Texture2D normalTexture = null;
+        private Texture2D metallicRoughnessTexture = null;
+
+        public Texture2D AlbedoTexture
         {
+            get { return DisableAlbedoMap ? null : albedoTexture; }
+            set { albedoTexture = value; }
+        }
+
+        public Texture2D NormalTexture
+        {
+            get { return DisableNormalMap ? null : normalTexture; }
+            set { normalTexture = value; }
+        }
+
+        public Texture2D MetallicRoughnessTexture
+        {
+            get { return DisableMetallicRoughnessMap ? null : metallicRoughnessTexture; }
+            set { metallicRoughnessTexture = value; }
+        }
+
+        public Vector3 Albedo { get; set; } = Vector3.One;
+        public float Metallic { get; set; } = 0.5f;
+        public float Roughness { get; set; } = 0.5f;
+
+        public int NumTextureRows { get; set; } = 1;
+        public int NumTextureColumns { get; set; } = 1;
+
+        public bool DisableAlbedoMap { get; set; } = false;
+        public bool DisableNormalMap { get; set; } = false;
+        public bool DisableMetallicRoughnessMap { get; set; } = false;
+
+        public MeshPart(
+            VertexBuffer vertexBuffer,
+            IndexBuffer indexBuffer,
+            Vector3[] positions,
+            Triangle[] triangles
+        ) {
             VertexBuffer = vertexBuffer;
             IndexBuffer = indexBuffer;
             Positions = positions;
             Triangles = triangles;
-            Effect = effect;
+
+            BoundingBox = BoundingBox.CreateFromPoints(Positions);
         }
     }
 }

Geometry/Model.cs

@@ -2,13 +2,97 @@ using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
 
 namespace Kav
 {
-    public class Model
+    public class Model : ICullable
     {
         public Mesh[] Meshes { get; }
+        public BoundingBox BoundingBox { get; }
+
+        public Color Albedo
+        {
+            set
+            {
+                foreach (var mesh in Meshes)
+                {
+                    foreach (var meshPart in mesh.MeshParts)
+                    {
+                        meshPart.Albedo = value.ToVector3();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public float Metallic
+        {
+            set
+            {
+                foreach (var mesh in Meshes)
+                {
+                    foreach (var meshPart in mesh.MeshParts)
+                    {
+                        meshPart.Metallic = value;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public float Roughness
+        {
+            set
+            {
+                foreach (var mesh in Meshes)
+                {
+                    foreach (var meshPart in mesh.MeshParts)
+                    {
+                        meshPart.Roughness = value;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
 
         public Model(Mesh[] meshes)
         {
             Meshes = meshes;
+
+            BoundingBox boundingBox = new BoundingBox();
+            foreach (var mesh in Meshes)
+            {
+                boundingBox = BoundingBox.CreateMerged(boundingBox, mesh.BoundingBox);
+            }
+
+            BoundingBox = boundingBox;
+        }
+
+        public void DisableAlbedoMaps()
+        {
+            foreach (var mesh in Meshes)
+            {
+                foreach (var meshPart in mesh.MeshParts)
+                {
+                    meshPart.DisableAlbedoMap = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void DisableNormalMaps()
+        {
+            foreach (var mesh in Meshes)
+            {
+                foreach (var meshPart in mesh.MeshParts)
+                {
+                    meshPart.DisableNormalMap = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void DisableMetallicRoughnessMaps()
+        {
+            foreach (var mesh in Meshes)
+            {
+                foreach (var meshPart in mesh.MeshParts)
+                {
+                    meshPart.DisableMetallicRoughnessMap = true;
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 }

Geometry/Sprite.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public struct Sprite
+    {
+        public Texture2D Texture { get; }
+        public Vector3 Position { get; }
+        public Vector2 Origin { get; }
+        public float Rotation { get; }
+        public Vector2 Scale { get; }
+        public SpriteBillboardConstraint BillboardConstraint { get; }
+
+        public Matrix TransformMatrix { get; }
+
+        public Sprite(
+            Texture2D texture,
+            Vector3 position,
+            Vector2 origin,
+            float rotation,
+            Vector2 scale,
+            SpriteBillboardConstraint billboardConstraint = SpriteBillboardConstraint.None
+        ) {
+            Texture = texture;
+            Position = position;
+            Origin = origin;
+            Rotation = rotation;
+            Scale = scale;
+            BillboardConstraint = billboardConstraint;
+            TransformMatrix = ConstructTransformMatrix(Position, Scale);
+        }
+
+        public Sprite(
+            Texture2D texture,
+            Vector3 position,
+            SpriteBillboardConstraint billboardConstraint = SpriteBillboardConstraint.None
+        ) {
+            Texture = texture;
+            Position = position;
+            Origin = Vector2.Zero;
+            Rotation = 0;
+            Scale = Vector2.One;
+            BillboardConstraint = billboardConstraint;
+            TransformMatrix = ConstructTransformMatrix(Position, Scale);
+        }
+
+        private static Matrix ConstructTransformMatrix(
+            Vector3 position,
+            Vector2 scale
+        ) {
+            return
+                Matrix.CreateTranslation(position) *
+                Matrix.CreateScale(scale.X, scale.Y, 1);
+        }
+    }
+}

Geometry/SpriteMesh.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public class SpriteMesh : ICullable, IIndexDrawable
+    {
+        public enum FlipOptions
+        {
+            None,
+            Horizontal,
+            Vertical,
+            Both
+        }
+
+        private static readonly short[] Indices = new short[]
+        {
+            0,
+            1,
+            2,
+            1,
+            3,
+            2
+        };
+
+        public IndexBuffer IndexBuffer { get; }
+        public VertexBuffer VertexBuffer { get; }
+        public BoundingBox BoundingBox { get; }
+
+        public SpriteMesh(
+            GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice,
+            int width,
+            int height,
+            FlipOptions flipOptions
+        ) {
+			IndexBuffer = new IndexBuffer(
+				graphicsDevice,
+				IndexElementSize.SixteenBits,
+				6,
+				BufferUsage.WriteOnly
+			);
+            IndexBuffer.SetData(Indices);
+
+            var vertexArray = GenerateVertexArray(width, height, flipOptions);
+
+            VertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(
+                graphicsDevice,
+                typeof(VertexPositionNormalTexture),
+                4,
+                BufferUsage.WriteOnly
+            );
+            VertexBuffer.SetData(vertexArray);
+
+            BoundingBox = BoundingBox.CreateFromPoints(Positions(vertexArray));
+        }
+
+        private static VertexPositionNormalTexture[] GenerateVertexArray(int pixelWidth, int pixelHeight, FlipOptions flipOptions)
+        {
+            var width = pixelWidth / (float)40;
+            var height = pixelHeight / (float)40;
+
+            VertexPositionNormalTexture[] result = new VertexPositionNormalTexture[4];
+
+            var xLeft = 0;
+            var xRight = 1;
+
+            var yTop = 0;
+            var yBottom = 1;
+
+            if (flipOptions == FlipOptions.Horizontal || flipOptions == FlipOptions.Both)
+            {
+                xLeft = 1;
+                xRight = 0;
+            }
+            if (flipOptions == FlipOptions.Vertical || flipOptions == FlipOptions.Both)
+            {
+                yTop = 1;
+                yBottom = 0;
+            }
+
+            result[0].Position = new Vector3(-width / 2, height / 2, 0);
+            result[0].Normal = new Vector3(0, 0, -1);
+            result[0].TextureCoordinate = new Vector2(xLeft, yTop);
+
+            result[1].Position = new Vector3(width / 2, height / 2, 0);
+            result[1].Normal = new Vector3(0, 0, -1);
+            result[1].TextureCoordinate = new Vector2(xRight, yTop);
+
+            result[2].Position = new Vector3(-width / 2, -height / 2, 0);
+            result[2].Normal = new Vector3(0, 0, -1);
+            result[2].TextureCoordinate = new Vector2(xLeft, yBottom);
+
+            result[3].Position = new Vector3(width / 2, -height / 2, 0);
+            result[3].Normal = new Vector3(0, 0, -1);
+            result[3].TextureCoordinate = new Vector2(xRight, yBottom);
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        private static IEnumerable<Vector3> Positions(IEnumerable<VertexPositionNormalTexture> vertices)
+        {
+            foreach (var vertex in vertices)
+            {
+                yield return vertex.Position;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Kav.Core.csproj

@@ -2,11 +2,13 @@
 
   <PropertyGroup>
     <TargetFramework>netstandard2.0</TargetFramework>
+    <LangVersion>8.0</LangVersion>
     <RootNamespace>Kav</RootNamespace>
     <Authors>Evan Hemsley</Authors>
     <Copyright>Evan Hemsley 2020</Copyright>
     <GeneratePackageOnBuild>true</GeneratePackageOnBuild>
     <AssemblyName>Kav</AssemblyName>
+    <Platforms>x64</Platforms>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
@@ -15,9 +17,24 @@
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\DeferredPBR_AmbientLightEffect.fxb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.DeferredPBR_AmbientLightEffect.fxb</LogicalName>
+    </EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\DeferredPBR_PointLightEffect.fxb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.DeferredPBR_PointLightEffect.fxb</LogicalName>
+    </EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\DeferredPBR_DirectionalLightEffect.fxb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.DeferredPBR_DirectionalLightEffect.fxb</LogicalName>
+    </EmbeddedResource>
     <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\DeferredPBR_GBufferEffect.fxb">
       <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.DeferredPBR_GBufferEffect.fxb</LogicalName>
     </EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\ToneMapEffect.fxb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.ToneMapEffect.fxb</LogicalName>
+    </EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\Deferred_ToonEffect.fxb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.Deferred_ToonEffect.fxb</LogicalName>
+    </EmbeddedResource>
     <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\DeferredPBREffect.fxb">
       <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.DeferredPBREffect.fxb</LogicalName>
     </EmbeddedResource>
@@ -27,6 +44,30 @@
     <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\SimpleDepthEffect.fxb">
       <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.SimpleDepthEffect.fxb</LogicalName>
 		</EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\SimpleDepthEffectInstanced.fxb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.SimpleDepthEffectInstanced.fxb</LogicalName>
+		</EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\LinearDepthEffect.fxb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.LinearDepthEffect.fxb</LogicalName>
+		</EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\LinearDepthEffectInstanced.fxb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.LinearDepthEffectInstanced.fxb</LogicalName>
+    </EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\SkyboxEffect.fxb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.SkyboxEffect.fxb</LogicalName>
+		</EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\DiffuseLitSpriteEffect.fxb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.DiffuseLitSpriteEffect.fxb</LogicalName>
+		</EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\PaletteCrushEffect.fxb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.PaletteCrushEffect.fxb</LogicalName>
+		</EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Models\UnitCube.glb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.UnitCube.glb</LogicalName>
+		</EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Models\UnitSphere.glb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.UnitSphere.glb</LogicalName>
+		</EmbeddedResource>
   </ItemGroup>
 
 </Project>

Kav.Core.sln

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
+# Visual Studio 15
+VisualStudioVersion = 15.0.26124.0
+MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 15.0.26124.0
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Kav", "Kav.Core.csproj", "{34C1B784-AE9C-4EBC-A03A-AC401CB1219A}"
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|x64 = Debug|x64
+		Release|x64 = Release|x64
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
+		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{34C1B784-AE9C-4EBC-A03A-AC401CB1219A}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{34C1B784-AE9C-4EBC-A03A-AC401CB1219A}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{34C1B784-AE9C-4EBC-A03A-AC401CB1219A}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{34C1B784-AE9C-4EBC-A03A-AC401CB1219A}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal

Kav.Framework.csproj

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
-<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
     <TargetFramework>netstandard2.0</TargetFramework>
+    <LangVersion>8.0</LangVersion>
     <RootNamespace>Kav</RootNamespace>
     <Authors>Evan Hemsley</Authors>
     <Copyright>Evan Hemsley 2020</Copyright>
     <GeneratePackageOnBuild>true</GeneratePackageOnBuild>
     <AssemblyName>Kav</AssemblyName>
+    <Platforms>x64;x86</Platforms>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
@@ -15,9 +17,24 @@
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\DeferredPBR_AmbientLightEffect.fxb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.DeferredPBR_AmbientLightEffect.fxb</LogicalName>
+    </EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\DeferredPBR_PointLightEffect.fxb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.DeferredPBR_PointLightEffect.fxb</LogicalName>
+    </EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\DeferredPBR_DirectionalLightEffect.fxb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.DeferredPBR_DirectionalLightEffect.fxb</LogicalName>
+    </EmbeddedResource>
     <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\DeferredPBR_GBufferEffect.fxb">
       <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.DeferredPBR_GBufferEffect.fxb</LogicalName>
     </EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\ToneMapEffect.fxb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.ToneMapEffect.fxb</LogicalName>
+    </EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\Deferred_ToonEffect.fxb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.Deferred_ToonEffect.fxb</LogicalName>
+    </EmbeddedResource>
     <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\DeferredPBREffect.fxb">
       <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.DeferredPBREffect.fxb</LogicalName>
     </EmbeddedResource>
@@ -27,6 +44,30 @@
     <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\SimpleDepthEffect.fxb">
       <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.SimpleDepthEffect.fxb</LogicalName>
 		</EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\SimpleDepthEffectInstanced.fxb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.SimpleDepthEffectInstanced.fxb</LogicalName>
+		</EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\LinearDepthEffect.fxb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.LinearDepthEffect.fxb</LogicalName>
+		</EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\LinearDepthEffectInstanced.fxb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.LinearDepthEffectInstanced.fxb</LogicalName>
+    </EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\SkyboxEffect.fxb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.SkyboxEffect.fxb</LogicalName>
+		</EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\DiffuseLitSpriteEffect.fxb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.DiffuseLitSpriteEffect.fxb</LogicalName>
+		</EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\FXB\PaletteCrushEffect.fxb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.PaletteCrushEffect.fxb</LogicalName>
+		</EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Models\UnitCube.glb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.UnitCube.glb</LogicalName>
+		</EmbeddedResource>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Models\UnitSphere.glb">
+      <LogicalName>Kav.Resources.UnitSphere.glb</LogicalName>
+		</EmbeddedResource>
   </ItemGroup>
 
 </Project>

Kav.Framework.sln

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
+# Visual Studio 15
+VisualStudioVersion = 15.0.26124.0
+MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 15.0.26124.0
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Kav.Framework", "Kav.Framework.csproj", "{B46F5438-2EE3-4EB1-9ECD-251D3B3CBD9A}"
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|x64 = Debug|x64
+		Release|x64 = Release|x64
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
+		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{B46F5438-2EE3-4EB1-9ECD-251D3B3CBD9A}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{B46F5438-2EE3-4EB1-9ECD-251D3B3CBD9A}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{B46F5438-2EE3-4EB1-9ECD-251D3B3CBD9A}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{B46F5438-2EE3-4EB1-9ECD-251D3B3CBD9A}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal

Kav.sln

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-
-Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
-# Visual Studio 15
-VisualStudioVersion = 15.0.26124.0
-MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 15.0.26124.0
-Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Kav", "Kav.csproj", "{34C1B784-AE9C-4EBC-A03A-AC401CB1219A}"
-EndProject
-Global
-	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
-		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
-		Debug|x64 = Debug|x64
-		Debug|x86 = Debug|x86
-		Release|Any CPU = Release|Any CPU
-		Release|x64 = Release|x64
-		Release|x86 = Release|x86
-	EndGlobalSection
-	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
-		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
-	EndGlobalSection
-	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
-		{34C1B784-AE9C-4EBC-A03A-AC401CB1219A}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
-		{34C1B784-AE9C-4EBC-A03A-AC401CB1219A}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
-		{34C1B784-AE9C-4EBC-A03A-AC401CB1219A}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
-		{34C1B784-AE9C-4EBC-A03A-AC401CB1219A}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
-		{34C1B784-AE9C-4EBC-A03A-AC401CB1219A}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
-		{34C1B784-AE9C-4EBC-A03A-AC401CB1219A}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
-		{34C1B784-AE9C-4EBC-A03A-AC401CB1219A}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
-		{34C1B784-AE9C-4EBC-A03A-AC401CB1219A}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
-		{34C1B784-AE9C-4EBC-A03A-AC401CB1219A}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
-		{34C1B784-AE9C-4EBC-A03A-AC401CB1219A}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
-		{34C1B784-AE9C-4EBC-A03A-AC401CB1219A}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
-		{34C1B784-AE9C-4EBC-A03A-AC401CB1219A}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
-	EndGlobalSection
-EndGlobal

Lights/AmbientLight.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public struct AmbientLight
+    {
+        public Color Color { get; set; }
+
+        public AmbientLight(Color color)
+        {
+            Color = color;
+        }
+    }
+}

Lights/DirectionalLight.cs

@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@ namespace Kav
 {
     public struct DirectionalLight
     {
-        public Vector3 Direction { get; set; }
+        public Vector3 Direction { get; }
-        public Color Color { get; set; }
+        public Color Color { get; }
-        public float Intensity { get; set; }
+        public float Intensity { get; }
 
         public Matrix View
         {
             get
             {
-                return Matrix.CreateLookAt(-Direction * 100f, Vector3.Zero, Vector3.Up);
+                return Matrix.CreateLookAt(Direction * 100f, Vector3.Zero, Vector3.Up);
             }
         }
 

Lights/PointLight.cs

@@ -1,18 +1,55 @@
 using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
+using System;
 
 namespace Kav
 {
-    public struct PointLight
+    public sealed class PointLight : IDisposable
     {
         public Vector3 Position { get; }
         public Color Color { get; }
-        public float Intensity { get; }
+        public float Radius { get; }
 
-        public PointLight(Vector3 position, Color color, float intensity = 1f)
+        public BoundingSphere BoundingSphere { get; }
-        {
+
+        public RenderTargetCube ShadowMap { get; }
+
+        public PointLight(
+            GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice,
+            Vector3 position, 
+            Color color, 
+            float radius,
+            int shadowMapSize
+        ) {
             Position = position;
             Color = color;
-            Intensity = intensity;
+            Radius = radius;
+
+            BoundingSphere = new BoundingSphere(position, Radius);
+
+            ShadowMap = new RenderTargetCube(
+                graphicsDevice,
+                shadowMapSize,
+                false,
+                SurfaceFormat.Single,
+                DepthFormat.Depth24,
+                0,
+                RenderTargetUsage.PreserveContents
+            );
+
+            var currentRTs = graphicsDevice.GetRenderTargets();
+            foreach (CubeMapFace face in Enum.GetValues(typeof(CubeMapFace)))
+            {
+                graphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(ShadowMap, face);
+                graphicsDevice.Clear(Color.White);
+            }
+
+            graphicsDevice.SetRenderTargets(currentRTs);
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            ShadowMap.Dispose();
         }
     }
 }

Loaders/CrunchAtlasReader.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+using System.IO;
+using System.Text.Json;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public static class CrunchAtlasReader
+    {
+        static JsonSerializerOptions options = new JsonSerializerOptions
+        {
+            PropertyNameCaseInsensitive = true
+        };
+
+        public static CrunchTextureAtlasData ReadTextureAtlas(FileInfo file)
+        {
+            return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<CrunchTextureAtlasData>(File.ReadAllText(file.FullName), options);
+        }
+    }
+}

Loaders/CrunchTextureAtlasData.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public struct CrunchTextureAtlasData
+    {
+        public CrunchTextureAtlasTextureData[] Textures { get; set; }
+    }
+
+    public struct CrunchTextureAtlasTextureData
+    {
+        public string Name { get; set; }
+        public CrunchTextureAtlasImageData[] Images { get; set; }
+    }
+
+    public struct CrunchTextureAtlasImageData
+    {
+        public string N { get; set; }
+        public int X { get; set; }
+        public int Y { get; set; }
+        public int W { get; set; }
+        public int H { get; set; }
+    }
+}

Loaders/ModelLoader.cs

@@ -15,19 +15,6 @@ namespace Kav
 
                 foreach (var meshPartData in meshData.MeshParts)
                 {
-                    var effect = new Kav.DeferredPBR_GBufferEffect(
-                        graphicsDevice
-                    )
-                    {
-                        Albedo = meshPartData.Albedo,
-                        Metallic = meshPartData.Metallic,
-                        Roughness = meshPartData.Roughness,
-
-                        AlbedoTexture = meshPartData.AlbedoTexture,
-                        NormalTexture = meshPartData.NormalTexture,
-                        MetallicRoughnessTexture = meshPartData.MetallicRoughnessTexture
-                    };
-
                     var triangles = new Kav.Triangle[meshPartData.Triangles.Length];
                     for (int i = 0; i < meshPartData.Triangles.Length; i++)
                     {
@@ -40,13 +27,22 @@ namespace Kav
                         );
                     }
 
-                    meshParts.Add(new Kav.MeshPart(
+                    var meshPart = new Kav.MeshPart(
                         meshPartData.VertexBuffer,
                         meshPartData.IndexBuffer,
                         meshPartData.Positions,
-                        triangles,
+                        triangles
-                        effect
+                    );
-                    ));
+
+                    meshPart.Albedo = meshPartData.Albedo;
+                    meshPart.Metallic = meshPartData.Metallic;
+                    meshPart.Roughness = meshPartData.Roughness;
+
+                    meshPart.AlbedoTexture = meshPartData.AlbedoTexture;
+                    meshPart.NormalTexture = meshPartData.NormalTexture;
+                    meshPart.MetallicRoughnessTexture = meshPartData.MetallicRoughnessTexture;
+
+                    meshParts.Add(meshPart);
                 }
 
                 meshes.Add(new Kav.Mesh(meshParts.ToArray()));

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Kav
+
+A 3D renderer built on top of FNA.
+
+## Roadmap
+
+Essential
+
+- [x] PBR shading
+- [x] Deferred rendering
+- [x] Point lighting
+- [x] Directional lighting
+- [x] Directional shadow maps
+- [x] Cascading shadow maps
+- [x] Tone map shader
+- [x] Poisson soft shadowing
+- [x] Frustum culling
+- [x] Shadow-casting point lights
+- [ ] Parabolic lights
+- [x] Skyboxes
+- [ ] Screen-space reflection
+
+Nice-To-Haves
+
+- [ ] Anti-aliasing
+- [ ] Image-based lighting
+- [ ] Volumetric lighting
+- [ ] Volumetric smoke
+- [ ] 

Resources.cs

@@ -4,25 +4,84 @@ namespace Kav
 {
     internal class Resources
     {
+        public static byte[] DeferredPBR_AmbientLightEffect
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (ambientLightEffect == null)
+                {
+                    ambientLightEffect = GetResource("DeferredPBR_AmbientLightEffect.fxb");
+                }
+                return ambientLightEffect;
+            }
+        }
+        public static byte[] DeferredPBR_PointLightEffect
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (pointLightEffect == null)
+                {
+                    pointLightEffect = GetResource("DeferredPBR_PointLightEffect.fxb");
+                }
+                return pointLightEffect;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static byte[] DeferredPBR_DirectionalLightEffect
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (directionalLightEffect == null)
+                {
+                    directionalLightEffect = GetResource("DeferredPBR_DirectionalLightEffect.fxb");
+                }
+                return directionalLightEffect;
+            }
+        }
+
         public static byte[] DeferredPBR_GBufferEffect
         {
             get
             {
                 if (gBufferEffect == null)
                 {
-                    gBufferEffect = GetResource("DeferredPBR_GBufferEffect");
+                    gBufferEffect = GetResource("DeferredPBR_GBufferEffect.fxb");
                 }
                 return gBufferEffect;
             }
         }
 
+        public static byte[] ToneMapEffect
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (toneMapEffect == null)
+                {
+                    toneMapEffect = GetResource("ToneMapEffect.fxb");
+                }
+                return toneMapEffect;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static byte[] Deferred_ToonEffect
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (deferredToonEffect == null)
+                {
+                    deferredToonEffect = GetResource("Deferred_ToonEffect.fxb");
+                }
+                return deferredToonEffect;
+            }
+        }
+
         public static byte[] DeferredPBREffect
         {
             get
             {
                 if (deferredPBREffect == null)
                 {
-                    deferredPBREffect = GetResource("DeferredPBREffect");
+                    deferredPBREffect = GetResource("DeferredPBREffect.fxb");
                 }
                 return deferredPBREffect;
             }
@@ -34,7 +93,7 @@ namespace Kav
             {
                 if (pbrEffect == null)
                 {
-                    pbrEffect = GetResource("PBREffect");
+                    pbrEffect = GetResource("PBREffect.fxb");
                 }
                 return pbrEffect;
             }
@@ -46,21 +105,131 @@ namespace Kav
             {
                 if (simpleDepthEffect == null)
                 {
-                    simpleDepthEffect = GetResource("SimpleDepthEffect");
+                    simpleDepthEffect = GetResource("SimpleDepthEffect.fxb");
                 }
                 return simpleDepthEffect;
             }
         }
 
+        public static byte[] SimpleDepthEffectInstanced
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (simpleDepthEffectInstanced == null)
+                {
+                    simpleDepthEffectInstanced = GetResource("SimpleDepthEffectInstanced.fxb");
+                }
+                return simpleDepthEffectInstanced;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static byte[] LinearDepthEffect
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (linearDepthEffect == null)
+                {
+                    linearDepthEffect = GetResource("LinearDepthEffect.fxb");
+                }
+                return linearDepthEffect;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static byte[] LinearDepthEffectInstanced
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (linearDepthEffectInstanced == null)
+                {
+                    linearDepthEffectInstanced = GetResource("LinearDepthEffectInstanced.fxb");
+                }
+                return linearDepthEffectInstanced;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static byte[] SkyboxEffect
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (skyboxEffect == null)
+                {
+                    skyboxEffect = GetResource("SkyboxEffect.fxb");
+                }
+                return skyboxEffect;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static byte[] DiffuseLitSpriteEffect
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (diffuseLitSpriteEffect == null)
+                {
+                    diffuseLitSpriteEffect = GetResource("DiffuseLitSpriteEffect.fxb");
+                }
+                return diffuseLitSpriteEffect;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static byte[] PaletteCrushEffect
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (paletteCrushEffect == null)
+                {
+                    paletteCrushEffect = GetResource("PaletteCrushEffect.fxb");
+                }
+                return paletteCrushEffect;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static byte[] UnitCubeModel
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (unitCubeModel == null)
+                {
+                    unitCubeModel = GetResource("UnitCube.glb");
+                }
+                return unitCubeModel;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static byte[] UnitSphereModel
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (unitSphereModel == null)
+                {
+                    unitSphereModel = GetResource("UnitSphere.glb");
+                }
+                return unitSphereModel;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static byte[] ambientLightEffect;
+        private static byte[] pointLightEffect;
+        private static byte[] directionalLightEffect;
         private static byte[] gBufferEffect;
+        private static byte[] toneMapEffect;
+        private static byte[] deferredToonEffect;
         private static byte[] deferredPBREffect;
         private static byte[] pbrEffect;
         private static byte[] simpleDepthEffect;
+        private static byte[] simpleDepthEffectInstanced;
+        private static byte[] linearDepthEffect;
+        private static byte[] linearDepthEffectInstanced;
+        private static byte[] skyboxEffect;
+        private static byte[] diffuseLitSpriteEffect;
+        private static byte[] paletteCrushEffect;
+
+        private static byte[] unitCubeModel;
+        private static byte[] unitSphereModel;
 
         private static byte[] GetResource(string name)
         {
             Stream stream = typeof(Resources).Assembly.GetManifestResourceStream(
-                "Kav.Resources." + name + ".fxb"
+                "Kav.Resources." + name
             );
             using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
             {

Utils/QuaternionUtils.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+
+namespace Kav.Utils
+{
+    public static class QuaternionUtils
+    {
+        // assumes that the input vectors are normalized and orthogonal
+        public static Quaternion LookAt(in Vector3 forward, in Vector3 up)
+        {
+            Matrix orientation = Matrix.Identity;
+            orientation.Forward = forward;
+            orientation.Right = Vector3.Normalize(Vector3.Cross(forward, up));
+            orientation.Up = Vector3.Cross(orientation.Right, forward);
+
+            return Quaternion.CreateFromRotationMatrix(orientation);
+        }
+    }
+}

VertexDeclarations.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    public static class VertexDeclarations
+    {
+        public static VertexDeclaration PositionInstanceDeclaration = new VertexDeclaration
+        (
+            new VertexElement(0, VertexElementFormat.Vector3, VertexElementUsage.TextureCoordinate, 2)
+        );
+
+        public static VertexDeclaration PositionTextureOffsetInstanceDeclaration = new VertexDeclaration
+        (
+            new VertexElement(0, VertexElementFormat.Vector3, VertexElementUsage.TextureCoordinate, 2),
+            new VertexElement(12, VertexElementFormat.Vector2, VertexElementUsage.TextureCoordinate, 5)
+        );
+    }
+}

Vertices/PositionTextureOffsetInstanceVertex.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
+using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
+
+namespace Kav
+{
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)]
+    public struct PositionTextureOffsetInstanceVertex : IVertexType
+    {
+        VertexDeclaration IVertexType.VertexDeclaration
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return VertexDeclarations.PositionTextureOffsetInstanceDeclaration;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Vector3 Translation { get; set; }
+        public Vector2 UVOffset { get; set; }
+
+        public static readonly VertexDeclaration VertexDeclaration;
+
+        public PositionTextureOffsetInstanceVertex(
+            Vector3 translation,
+            Vector2 uvOffset
+        ) {
+            Translation = translation;
+            UVOffset = uvOffset;
+        }
+    }
+}