wraith-lang/src/codegen.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <llvm-c/Core.h>
#include <llvm-c/Analysis.h>
#include <llvm-c/BitWriter.h>
#include <llvm-c/Object.h>
#include <llvm-c/Transforms/PassManagerBuilder.h>
#include <llvm-c/Transforms/InstCombine.h>
#include <llvm-c/Transforms/Scalar.h>
#include <llvm-c/Transforms/Utils.h>
#include <llvm-c/TargetMachine.h>
#include <llvm-c/Target.h>

#include "ast.h"

typedef struct LocalVariable
{
    char *name;
    LLVMValueRef pointer;
} LocalVariable;

typedef struct FunctionArgument
{
    char *name;
    LLVMValueRef value;
} FunctionArgument;

typedef struct ScopeFrame
{
    LocalVariable *localVariables;
    uint32_t localVariableCount;
} ScopeFrame;

typedef struct Scope
{
    ScopeFrame *scopeStack;
    uint32_t scopeStackCount;
} Scope;

Scope *scope;

typedef struct StructTypeField
{
    char *name;
    uint32_t index;
} StructTypeField;

typedef struct StructTypeFunction
{
    char *name;
    LLVMValueRef function;
    LLVMTypeRef returnType;
    uint8_t isStatic;
} StructTypeFunction;

typedef struct StructTypeDeclaration
{
    char *name;
    LLVMTypeRef structType;
    LLVMTypeRef structPointerType;
    StructTypeField *fields;
    uint32_t fieldCount;

    StructTypeFunction *functions;
    uint32_t functionCount;
} StructTypeDeclaration;

StructTypeDeclaration *structTypeDeclarations;
uint32_t structTypeDeclarationCount;

static Scope* CreateScope()
{
    Scope *scope = malloc(sizeof(Scope));

    scope->scopeStack = malloc(sizeof(ScopeFrame));
    scope->scopeStack[0].localVariableCount = 0;
    scope->scopeStack[0].localVariables = NULL;
    scope->scopeStackCount = 1;

    return scope;
}

static void PushScopeFrame(Scope *scope)
{
    uint32_t index = scope->scopeStackCount;
    scope->scopeStack = realloc(scope->scopeStack, sizeof(ScopeFrame) * (scope->scopeStackCount + 1));
    scope->scopeStack[index].localVariableCount = 0;
    scope->scopeStack[index].localVariables = NULL;

    scope->scopeStackCount += 1;
}

static void PopScopeFrame(Scope *scope)
{
    uint32_t i;
    uint32_t index = scope->scopeStackCount - 1;

    if (scope->scopeStack[index].localVariables != NULL)
    {
        for (i = 0; i < scope->scopeStack[index].localVariableCount; i += 1)
        {
            free(scope->scopeStack[index].localVariables[i].name);
        }
        free(scope->scopeStack[index].localVariables);
    }

    scope->scopeStackCount -= 1;

    scope->scopeStack = realloc(scope->scopeStack, sizeof(ScopeFrame) * scope->scopeStackCount);
}

static void AddLocalVariable(Scope *scope, LLVMValueRef pointer, char *name)
{
    ScopeFrame *scopeFrame = &scope->scopeStack[scope->scopeStackCount - 1];
    uint32_t index = scopeFrame->localVariableCount;

    scopeFrame->localVariables = realloc(scopeFrame->localVariables, sizeof(LocalVariable) * (scopeFrame->localVariableCount + 1));
    scopeFrame->localVariables[index].name = strdup(name);
    scopeFrame->localVariables[index].pointer = pointer;

    scopeFrame->localVariableCount += 1;
}

static LLVMTypeRef WraithTypeToLLVMType(PrimitiveType type)
{
    switch (type)
    {
        case Int:
            return LLVMInt64Type();

        case UInt:
            return LLVMInt64Type();

        case Bool:
            return LLVMInt1Type();

        case Void:
            return LLVMVoidType();
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "Unrecognized type!");
    return NULL;
}

static LLVMTypeRef FindStructType(char *name)
{
    uint32_t i;

    for (i = 0; i < structTypeDeclarationCount; i += 1)
    {
        if (strcmp(structTypeDeclarations[i].name, name) == 0)
        {
            return structTypeDeclarations[i].structType;
        }
    }

    return NULL;
}

static LLVMValueRef FindStructFieldPointer(LLVMBuilderRef builder, LLVMValueRef structPointer, char *name)
{
    int32_t i, j;

    LLVMTypeRef structPointerType = LLVMTypeOf(structPointer);

    for (i = 0; i < structTypeDeclarationCount; i += 1)
    {
        if (structTypeDeclarations[i].structPointerType == structPointerType)
        {
            for (j = 0; j < structTypeDeclarations[i].fieldCount; j += 1)
            {
                if (strcmp(structTypeDeclarations[i].fields[j].name, name) == 0)
                {
                    char *ptrName = strdup(name);
                    strcat(ptrName, "_ptr");
                    return LLVMBuildStructGEP(
                        builder,
                        structPointer,
                        structTypeDeclarations[i].fields[j].index,
                        ptrName
                    );
                    free(ptrName);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    printf("Failed to find struct field pointer!");
    return NULL;
}

static LLVMValueRef FindVariablePointer(char *name)
{
    int32_t i, j;

    for (i = scope->scopeStackCount - 1; i >= 0; i -= 1)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < scope->scopeStack[i].localVariableCount; j += 1)
        {
            if (strcmp(scope->scopeStack[i].localVariables[j].name, name) == 0)
            {
                return scope->scopeStack[i].localVariables[j].pointer;
            }
        }
    }

    printf("Failed to find variable pointer!");
    return NULL;
}

static LLVMValueRef FindVariableValue(LLVMBuilderRef builder, char *name)
{
    int32_t i, j;

    for (i = scope->scopeStackCount - 1; i >= 0; i -= 1)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < scope->scopeStack[i].localVariableCount; j += 1)
        {
            if (strcmp(scope->scopeStack[i].localVariables[j].name, name) == 0)
            {
                return LLVMBuildLoad(builder, scope->scopeStack[i].localVariables[j].pointer, name);
            }
        }
    }

    printf("Failed to find variable value!");
    return NULL;
}

static void AddStructDeclaration(
    LLVMTypeRef wStructType,
    LLVMTypeRef wStructPointerType,
    char *name,
    Node **fieldDeclarations,
    uint32_t fieldDeclarationCount
) {
    uint32_t i;
    uint32_t index = structTypeDeclarationCount;
    structTypeDeclarations = realloc(structTypeDeclarations, sizeof(StructTypeDeclaration) * (structTypeDeclarationCount + 1));
    structTypeDeclarations[index].structType = wStructType;
    structTypeDeclarations[index].structPointerType = wStructPointerType;
    structTypeDeclarations[index].name = strdup(name);
    structTypeDeclarations[index].fields = NULL;
    structTypeDeclarations[index].fieldCount = 0;
    structTypeDeclarations[index].functions = NULL;
    structTypeDeclarations[index].functionCount = 0;

    for (i = 0; i < fieldDeclarationCount; i += 1)
    {
        structTypeDeclarations[index].fields = realloc(structTypeDeclarations[index].fields, sizeof(StructTypeField) * (structTypeDeclarations[index].fieldCount + 1));
        structTypeDeclarations[index].fields[i].name = strdup(fieldDeclarations[i]->children[1]->value.string);
        structTypeDeclarations[index].fields[i].index = i;
        structTypeDeclarations[index].fieldCount += 1;
    }

    structTypeDeclarationCount += 1;
}

static void DeclareStructFunction(
    LLVMTypeRef wStructPointerType,
    LLVMValueRef function,
    LLVMTypeRef returnType,
    uint8_t isStatic,
    char *name
) {
    uint32_t i, index;

    for (i = 0; i < structTypeDeclarationCount; i += 1)
    {
        if (structTypeDeclarations[i].structPointerType == wStructPointerType)
        {
            index = structTypeDeclarations[i].functionCount;
            structTypeDeclarations[i].functions = realloc(structTypeDeclarations[i].functions, sizeof(StructTypeFunction) * (structTypeDeclarations[i].functionCount + 1));
            structTypeDeclarations[i].functions[index].name = strdup(name);
            structTypeDeclarations[i].functions[index].function = function;
            structTypeDeclarations[i].functions[index].returnType = returnType;
            structTypeDeclarations[i].functions[index].isStatic = isStatic;
            structTypeDeclarations[i].functionCount += 1;

            return;
        }
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "Could not find struct type for function!\n");
}

static LLVMTypeRef LookupCustomType(char *name)
{
    uint32_t i;

    for (i = 0; i < structTypeDeclarationCount; i += 1)
    {
        if (strcmp(structTypeDeclarations[i].name, name) == 0)
        {
            return structTypeDeclarations[i].structType;
        }
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "Could not find struct type!\n");
    return NULL;
}

static LLVMTypeRef ResolveType(Node* typeNode)
{
    if (IsPrimitiveType(typeNode))
    {
        return WraithTypeToLLVMType(typeNode->children[0]->primitiveType);
    }
    else if (typeNode->children[0]->syntaxKind == CustomTypeNode)
    {
        char *typeName = typeNode->children[0]->value.string;
        return LookupCustomType(typeName);
    }
    else if (typeNode->children[0]->syntaxKind == ReferenceTypeNode)
    {
        return LLVMPointerType(ResolveType(typeNode->children[0]->children[0]), 0);
    }
    else
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Unknown type node!\n");
        return NULL;
    }
}

static LLVMValueRef LookupFunctionByType(
    LLVMTypeRef structType,
    char *name,
    LLVMTypeRef *pReturnType,
    uint8_t *pStatic
) {
    uint32_t i, j;

    for (i = 0; i < structTypeDeclarationCount; i += 1)
    {
        if (structTypeDeclarations[i].structType == structType)
        {
            for (j = 0; j < structTypeDeclarations[i].functionCount; j += 1)
            {
                if (strcmp(structTypeDeclarations[i].functions[j].name, name) == 0)
                {
                    *pReturnType = structTypeDeclarations[i].functions[j].returnType;
                    *pStatic = structTypeDeclarations[i].functions[j].isStatic;
                    return structTypeDeclarations[i].functions[j].function;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "Could not find struct function!\n");
    return NULL;
}

static LLVMValueRef LookupFunctionByPointerType(
    LLVMTypeRef structPointerType,
    char *name,
    LLVMTypeRef *pReturnType,
    uint8_t *pStatic
) {
    uint32_t i, j;

    for (i = 0; i < structTypeDeclarationCount; i += 1)
    {
        if (structTypeDeclarations[i].structPointerType == structPointerType)
        {
            for (j = 0; j < structTypeDeclarations[i].functionCount; j += 1)
            {
                if (strcmp(structTypeDeclarations[i].functions[j].name, name) == 0)
                {
                    *pReturnType = structTypeDeclarations[i].functions[j].returnType;
                    *pStatic = structTypeDeclarations[i].functions[j].isStatic;
                    return structTypeDeclarations[i].functions[j].function;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "Could not find struct function!\n");
    return NULL;
}

static LLVMValueRef LookupFunctionByInstance(
    LLVMValueRef structPointer,
    char *name,
    LLVMTypeRef *pReturnType,
    uint8_t *pStatic
) {
    return LookupFunctionByPointerType(LLVMTypeOf(structPointer), name, pReturnType, pStatic);
}

static void AddStructVariablesToScope(
    LLVMBuilderRef builder,
    LLVMValueRef structPointer
) {
    uint32_t i, j;

    for (i = 0; i < structTypeDeclarationCount; i += 1)
    {
        if (structTypeDeclarations[i].structPointerType == LLVMTypeOf(structPointer))
        {
            for (j = 0; j < structTypeDeclarations[i].fieldCount; j += 1)
            {
                char *ptrName = strdup(structTypeDeclarations[i].fields[j].name);
                strcat(ptrName, "_ptr");
                LLVMValueRef elementPointer = LLVMBuildStructGEP(
                    builder,
                    structPointer,
                    structTypeDeclarations[i].fields[j].index,
                    ptrName
                );
                free(ptrName);

                AddLocalVariable(
                    scope,
                    elementPointer,
                    structTypeDeclarations[i].fields[j].name
                );
            }
        }
    }
}

static LLVMValueRef CompileExpression(
    LLVMBuilderRef builder,
    Node *binaryExpression
);

static LLVMValueRef CompileNumber(
    Node *numberExpression
) {
    return LLVMConstInt(LLVMInt64Type(), numberExpression->value.number, 0);
}

static LLVMValueRef CompileBinaryExpression(
    LLVMBuilderRef builder,
    Node *binaryExpression
) {
    LLVMValueRef left = CompileExpression(builder, binaryExpression->children[0]);
    LLVMValueRef right = CompileExpression(builder,  binaryExpression->children[1]);

    switch (binaryExpression->operator.binaryOperator)
    {
        case Add:
            return LLVMBuildAdd(builder, left, right, "tmp");

        case Subtract:
            return LLVMBuildSub(builder, left, right, "tmp");

        case Multiply:
            return LLVMBuildMul(builder, left, right, "tmp");

    }

    return NULL;
}

/* FIXME THIS IS ALL BROKEN */
static LLVMValueRef CompileFunctionCallExpression(
    LLVMBuilderRef builder,
    Node *expression
) {
    uint32_t i;
    uint32_t argumentCount = 0;
    LLVMValueRef args[expression->children[1]->childCount + 1];
    LLVMValueRef function;
    uint8_t isStatic;
    LLVMValueRef structInstance;
    LLVMTypeRef functionReturnType;
    char *returnName = "";

    /* FIXME: this needs to be recursive on access chains */
    if (expression->children[0]->syntaxKind == AccessExpression)
    {
        LLVMTypeRef typeReference = FindStructType(
            expression->children[0]->children[0]->value.string
        );

        if (typeReference != NULL)
        {
            function = LookupFunctionByType(
                typeReference,
                expression->children[0]->children[1]->value.string,
                &functionReturnType,
                &isStatic
            );
        }
        else
        {
            structInstance = FindVariablePointer(expression->children[0]->children[0]->value.string);
            function = LookupFunctionByInstance(structInstance, expression->children[0]->children[1]->value.string, &functionReturnType, &isStatic);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to find function!\n");
        return NULL;
    }

    if (!isStatic)
    {
        args[argumentCount] = structInstance;
        argumentCount += 1;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < expression->children[1]->childCount; i += 1)
    {
        args[argumentCount] = CompileExpression(builder, expression->children[1]->children[i]);
        argumentCount += 1;
    }

    if (LLVMGetTypeKind(functionReturnType) != LLVMVoidTypeKind)
    {
        returnName = "callReturn";
    }

    return LLVMBuildCall(builder, function, args, argumentCount, returnName);
}

static LLVMValueRef CompileAccessExpressionForStore(
    LLVMBuilderRef builder,
    Node *expression
) {
    Node *accessee = expression->children[0];
    Node *accessor = expression->children[1];
    LLVMValueRef accesseeValue = FindVariablePointer(accessee->value.string);
    return FindStructFieldPointer(builder, accesseeValue, accessor->value.string);
}

static LLVMValueRef CompileAccessExpression(
    LLVMBuilderRef builder,
    Node *expression
) {
    Node *accessee = expression->children[0];
    Node *accessor = expression->children[1];
    LLVMValueRef accesseeValue = FindVariablePointer(accessee->value.string);
    LLVMValueRef access = FindStructFieldPointer(builder, accesseeValue, accessor->value.string);
    return LLVMBuildLoad(builder, access, accessor->value.string);
}

static LLVMValueRef CompileAllocExpression(
    LLVMBuilderRef builder,
    Node *expression
) {
    LLVMTypeRef type = ResolveType(expression->children[0]);
    return LLVMBuildMalloc(builder, type, "allocation");
}

static LLVMValueRef CompileExpression(
    LLVMBuilderRef builder,
    Node *expression
) {
    switch (expression->syntaxKind)
    {
        case AccessExpression:
            return CompileAccessExpression(builder, expression);

        case AllocExpression:
            return CompileAllocExpression(builder, expression);

        case BinaryExpression:
            return CompileBinaryExpression(builder, expression);

        case FunctionCallExpression:
            return CompileFunctionCallExpression(builder, expression);

        case Identifier:
            return FindVariableValue(builder, expression->value.string);

        case Number:
            return CompileNumber(expression);
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "Unknown expression kind!\n");
    return NULL;
}

static void CompileReturn(LLVMBuilderRef builder, Node *returnStatemement)
{
    LLVMValueRef expression = CompileExpression(builder, returnStatemement->children[0]);
    LLVMBuildRet(builder, expression);
}

static void CompileReturnVoid(LLVMBuilderRef builder)
{
    LLVMBuildRetVoid(builder);
}

static void CompileAssignment(LLVMBuilderRef builder, Node *assignmentStatement)
{
    LLVMValueRef result = CompileExpression(builder, assignmentStatement->children[1]);
    LLVMValueRef identifier;
    if (assignmentStatement->children[0]->syntaxKind == AccessExpression)
    {
        identifier = CompileAccessExpressionForStore(builder, assignmentStatement->children[0]);
    }
    else if (assignmentStatement->children[0]->syntaxKind == Identifier)
    {
        identifier = FindVariablePointer(assignmentStatement->children[0]->value.string);
    }
    else
    {
        printf("Identifier not found!");
        return;
    }

    LLVMBuildStore(builder, result, identifier);
}

/* FIXME: path for reference types */
static void CompileFunctionVariableDeclaration(LLVMBuilderRef builder, Node *variableDeclaration)
{
    LLVMValueRef variable;
    char *variableName = variableDeclaration->children[1]->value.string;
    char *ptrName = strdup(variableName);
    strcat(ptrName, "_ptr");

    variable = LLVMBuildAlloca(builder, ResolveType(variableDeclaration->children[0]), ptrName);

    free(ptrName);

    AddLocalVariable(scope, variable, variableName);
}

static uint8_t CompileStatement(LLVMBuilderRef builder, LLVMValueRef function, Node *statement)
{
    switch (statement->syntaxKind)
    {
        case Assignment:
            CompileAssignment(builder, statement);
            return 0;

        case FunctionCallExpression:
            CompileFunctionCallExpression(builder, statement);
            return 0;

        case Declaration:
            CompileFunctionVariableDeclaration(builder, statement);
            return 0;

        case Return:
            CompileReturn(builder, statement);
            return 1;

        case ReturnVoid:
            CompileReturnVoid(builder);
            return 1;
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "Unknown statement kind!\n");
    return 0;
}

static void CompileFunction(
    LLVMModuleRef module,
    char *parentStructName,
    LLVMTypeRef wStructPointerType,
    Node **fieldDeclarations,
    uint32_t fieldDeclarationCount,
    Node *functionDeclaration
) {
    uint32_t i;
    uint8_t hasReturn = 0;
    uint8_t isStatic = 0;
    Node *functionSignature = functionDeclaration->children[0];
    Node *functionBody = functionDeclaration->children[1];
    uint32_t argumentCount = functionSignature->children[2]->childCount;
    LLVMTypeRef paramTypes[argumentCount + 1];
    uint32_t paramIndex = 0;

    if (functionSignature->children[3]->childCount > 0)
    {
        for (i = 0; i < functionSignature->children[3]->childCount; i += 1)
        {
            if (functionSignature->children[3]->children[i]->syntaxKind == StaticModifier)
            {
                isStatic = 1;
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    if (!isStatic)
    {
        paramTypes[paramIndex] = wStructPointerType;
        paramIndex += 1;
    }

    PushScopeFrame(scope);

    /* FIXME: should work for non-primitive types */
    for (i = 0; i < functionSignature->children[2]->childCount; i += 1)
    {
        paramTypes[paramIndex] = WraithTypeToLLVMType(functionSignature->children[2]->children[i]->children[0]->children[0]->primitiveType);
        paramIndex += 1;
    }

    LLVMTypeRef returnType = WraithTypeToLLVMType(functionSignature->children[1]->children[0]->primitiveType);
    LLVMTypeRef functionType = LLVMFunctionType(returnType, paramTypes, paramIndex, 0);

    char *functionName = strdup(parentStructName);
    strcat(functionName, "_");
    strcat(functionName, functionSignature->children[0]->value.string);
    LLVMValueRef function = LLVMAddFunction(module, functionName, functionType);
    free(functionName);

    DeclareStructFunction(wStructPointerType, function, returnType, isStatic, functionSignature->children[0]->value.string);

    LLVMBasicBlockRef entry = LLVMAppendBasicBlock(function, "entry");
    LLVMBuilderRef builder = LLVMCreateBuilder();
    LLVMPositionBuilderAtEnd(builder, entry);

    if (!isStatic)
    {
        LLVMValueRef wStructPointer = LLVMGetParam(function, 0);
        AddStructVariablesToScope(builder, wStructPointer);
    }

    for (i = 0; i < functionSignature->children[2]->childCount; i += 1)
    {
        char *ptrName = strdup(functionSignature->children[2]->children[i]->children[1]->value.string);
        strcat(ptrName, "_ptr");
        LLVMValueRef argument = LLVMGetParam(function, i + !isStatic);
        LLVMValueRef argumentCopy = LLVMBuildAlloca(builder, LLVMTypeOf(argument), ptrName);
        LLVMBuildStore(builder, argument, argumentCopy);
        free(ptrName);
        AddLocalVariable(scope, argumentCopy, functionSignature->children[2]->children[i]->children[1]->value.string);
    }

    for (i = 0; i < functionBody->childCount; i += 1)
    {
        hasReturn |= CompileStatement(builder, function, functionBody->children[i]);
    }

    if (LLVMGetTypeKind(returnType) == LLVMVoidTypeKind && !hasReturn)
    {
        LLVMBuildRetVoid(builder);
    }
    else if (LLVMGetTypeKind(returnType) != LLVMVoidTypeKind && !hasReturn)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Return statement not provided!");
    }

    PopScopeFrame(scope);

    LLVMDisposeBuilder(builder);
}

static void CompileStruct(LLVMModuleRef module, LLVMContextRef context, Node *node)
{
    uint32_t i;
    uint32_t fieldCount = 0;
    uint32_t declarationCount = node->children[1]->childCount;
    uint8_t packed = 1;
    LLVMTypeRef types[declarationCount];
    Node *currentDeclarationNode;
    Node *fieldDeclarations[declarationCount];
    char *structName = node->children[0]->value.string;

    PushScopeFrame(scope);

    LLVMTypeRef wStructType = LLVMStructCreateNamed(context, structName);
    LLVMTypeRef wStructPointerType = LLVMPointerType(wStructType, 0); /* FIXME: is this address space correct? */

    /* first, build the structure definition */
    for (i = 0; i < declarationCount; i += 1)
    {
        currentDeclarationNode = node->children[1]->children[i];

        switch (currentDeclarationNode->syntaxKind)
        {
            case Declaration: /* this is badly named */
                types[fieldCount] = ResolveType(currentDeclarationNode->children[0]);
                fieldDeclarations[fieldCount] = currentDeclarationNode;
                fieldCount += 1;
                break;
        }
    }

    LLVMStructSetBody(wStructType, types, fieldCount, packed);
    AddStructDeclaration(wStructType, wStructPointerType, node->children[0]->value.string, fieldDeclarations, fieldCount);

    /* now we can wire up the functions */
    for (i = 0; i < declarationCount; i += 1)
    {
        currentDeclarationNode = node->children[1]->children[i];

        switch (currentDeclarationNode->syntaxKind)
        {
            case FunctionDeclaration:
                CompileFunction(module, structName, wStructPointerType, fieldDeclarations, fieldCount, currentDeclarationNode);
                break;
        }
    }

    PopScopeFrame(scope);
}

static void Compile(LLVMModuleRef module, LLVMContextRef context, Node *node)
{
    uint32_t i;

    for (i = 0; i < node->childCount; i += 1)
    {
        if (node->children[i]->syntaxKind == StructDeclaration)
        {
            CompileStruct(module, context, node->children[i]);
        }
        else
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "top level declarations that are not structs are forbidden!\n");
        }
    }
}

int Codegen(Node *node, uint32_t optimizationLevel)
{
    scope = CreateScope();

    structTypeDeclarations = NULL;
    structTypeDeclarationCount = 0;

    LLVMModuleRef module = LLVMModuleCreateWithName("my_module");
    LLVMContextRef context = LLVMGetGlobalContext();

    Compile(module, context, node);

    /* add main call */
    LLVMBuilderRef builder = LLVMCreateBuilder();

    LLVMTypeRef mainFunctionType = LLVMFunctionType(LLVMInt64Type(), NULL, 0, 0);
    LLVMValueRef mainFunction = LLVMAddFunction(module, "main", mainFunctionType);
    LLVMBasicBlockRef entry = LLVMAppendBasicBlock(mainFunction, "entry");
    LLVMPositionBuilderAtEnd(builder, entry);

    LLVMValueRef wraithMainFunction = LLVMGetNamedFunction(module, "Program_Main");

    LLVMValueRef mainResult = LLVMBuildCall(builder, wraithMainFunction, NULL, 0, "result");
    LLVMBuildRet(builder, mainResult);

    LLVMDisposeBuilder(builder);

    /* verify */
    char *error = NULL;

    if (LLVMVerifyModule(module, LLVMAbortProcessAction, &error) != 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", error);
        LLVMDisposeMessage(error);
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    /* prepare to emit assembly */
    LLVMInitializeNativeTarget();
    LLVMInitializeAllTargetInfos();
    LLVMInitializeAllTargets();
    LLVMInitializeAllTargetMCs();
    LLVMInitializeAllAsmParsers();
    LLVMInitializeAllAsmPrinters();

    LLVMSetTarget(module, LLVM_DEFAULT_TARGET_TRIPLE);
    LLVMTargetRef target;
    if (LLVMGetTargetFromTriple(LLVM_DEFAULT_TARGET_TRIPLE, &target, &error) != 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to get target!\n");
        fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", error);
        LLVMDisposeMessage(error);
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    LLVMPassManagerRef passManager = LLVMCreatePassManager();

    LLVMPassManagerBuilderRef passManagerBuilder = LLVMPassManagerBuilderCreate();
    LLVMPassManagerBuilderSetOptLevel(passManagerBuilder, optimizationLevel);
    LLVMPassManagerBuilderPopulateModulePassManager(passManagerBuilder, passManager);

    LLVMRunPassManager(passManager, module);

    if (LLVMWriteBitcodeToFile(module, "test.bc") != 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error writing bitcode to file\n");
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    char *cpu = "generic";
    char *features = "";

    LLVMTargetMachineRef targetMachine = LLVMCreateTargetMachine(
        target,
        LLVM_DEFAULT_TARGET_TRIPLE,
        cpu,
        features,
        LLVMCodeGenLevelDefault,
        LLVMRelocDefault,
        LLVMCodeModelDefault
    );

    if (LLVMTargetMachineEmitToFile(targetMachine, module, "test.o", LLVMObjectFile, &error) != 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to emit machine code!\n");
        fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", error);
        LLVMDisposeMessage(error);
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    LLVMDisposeMessage(error);
    LLVMDisposeTargetMachine(targetMachine);
    LLVMPassManagerBuilderDispose(passManagerBuilder);
    LLVMDisposePassManager(passManager);
    LLVMDisposeModule(module);

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}