wraith-lang/compiler.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <llvm-c/Core.h>
#include <llvm-c/Analysis.h>
#include <llvm-c/BitWriter.h>

#include "y.tab.h"
#include "ast.h"
#include "stack.h"

extern FILE *yyin;
Stack *stack;
Node *rootNode;

typedef struct StructFieldMapValue
{
    char *name;
    LLVMValueRef value;
    LLVMValueRef valuePointer;
    uint32_t index;
    uint8_t needsWrite;
    uint8_t needsRead;
} StructFieldMapValue;

typedef struct StructFieldMap
{
    LLVMValueRef structPointer;
    StructFieldMapValue *fields;
    uint32_t fieldCount;
} StructFieldMap;

StructFieldMap *structFieldMaps;
uint32_t structFieldMapCount;

static void AddStruct(LLVMValueRef wStructPointer)
{
    structFieldMaps = realloc(structFieldMaps, sizeof(StructFieldMap) * (structFieldMapCount + 1));
    structFieldMaps[structFieldMapCount].structPointer = wStructPointer;
    structFieldMaps[structFieldMapCount].fields = NULL;
    structFieldMaps[structFieldMapCount].fieldCount = 0;
    structFieldMapCount += 1;
}

static void AddStructFieldName(LLVMBuilderRef builder, LLVMValueRef wStructPointer, char *name, uint32_t index)
{
    uint32_t i, fieldCount;

    for (i = 0; i < structFieldMapCount; i += 1)
    {
        if (structFieldMaps[i].structPointer == wStructPointer)
        {
            fieldCount = structFieldMaps[i].fieldCount;

            structFieldMaps[i].fields = realloc(structFieldMaps[i].fields, sizeof(StructFieldMapValue) * (fieldCount + 1));
            structFieldMaps[i].fields[fieldCount].name = strdup(name);
            structFieldMaps[i].fields[fieldCount].value = NULL;
            structFieldMaps[i].fields[fieldCount].valuePointer = NULL;
            structFieldMaps[i].fields[fieldCount].index = index;
            structFieldMaps[i].fields[fieldCount].needsWrite = 0;
            structFieldMaps[i].fields[fieldCount].needsRead = 1;
            structFieldMaps[i].fieldCount += 1;

            break;
        }
    }
}

static LLVMValueRef CheckStructFieldAndLoad(LLVMBuilderRef builder, LLVMValueRef wStructPointer, char *name)
{
    uint32_t i, j;

    for (i = 0; i < structFieldMapCount; i += 1)
    {
        if (structFieldMaps[i].structPointer == wStructPointer)
        {
            for (j = 0; j < structFieldMaps[i].fieldCount; j += 1)
            {
                if (strcmp(structFieldMaps[i].fields[j].name, name) == 0)
                {
                    if (structFieldMaps[i].fields[j].needsRead)
                    {
                        char *ptrName = strdup(name);
                        strcat(ptrName, "_ptr");
                        LLVMValueRef elementPointer = LLVMBuildStructGEP(
                            builder,
                            wStructPointer,
                            structFieldMaps[i].fields[j].index,
                            ptrName
                        );
                        free(ptrName);

                        structFieldMaps[i].fields[j].value = LLVMBuildLoad(builder, elementPointer, name);
                        structFieldMaps[i].fields[j].valuePointer = elementPointer;
                        structFieldMaps[i].fields[j].needsRead = 0;
                    }

                    return structFieldMaps[i].fields[j].value;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return NULL;
}

static void MarkStructFieldForWrite(LLVMValueRef wStructPointer, LLVMValueRef value)
{
    uint32_t i, j;

    for (i = 0; i < structFieldMapCount; i += 1)
    {
        if (structFieldMaps[i].structPointer == wStructPointer)
        {
            for (j = 0; j < structFieldMaps[i].fieldCount; j += 1)
            {
                if (structFieldMaps[i].fields[j].value == value)
                {
                    structFieldMaps[i].fields[j].needsWrite = 1;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

static LLVMValueRef GetStructFieldPointer(LLVMValueRef wStructPointer, LLVMValueRef value)
{
    uint32_t i, j;

    for (i = 0; i < structFieldMapCount; i += 1)
    {
        if (structFieldMaps[i].structPointer == wStructPointer)
        {
            for (j = 0; j < structFieldMaps[i].fieldCount; j += 1)
            {
                if (structFieldMaps[i].fields[j].value == value)
                {
                    return structFieldMaps[i].fields[j].valuePointer;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return NULL;
}

static void RemoveStruct(LLVMBuilderRef builder, LLVMValueRef wStructPointer)
{
    uint32_t i, j;

    for (i = 0; i < structFieldMapCount; i += 1)
    {
        if (structFieldMaps[i].structPointer == wStructPointer)
        {
            for (j = 0; j < structFieldMaps[i].fieldCount; j += 1)
            {
                if (structFieldMaps[i].fields[j].needsWrite)
                {
                    LLVMBuildStore(
                        builder,
                        structFieldMaps[i].fields[j].value,
                        structFieldMaps[i].fields[j].valuePointer
                    );
                }
            }

            free(structFieldMaps[i].fields);
            structFieldMaps[i].fields = NULL;
            structFieldMaps[i].fieldCount = 0;

            break;
        }
    }
}

typedef struct IdentifierMapValue
{
    char *name;
    LLVMValueRef value;
} IdentifierMapValue;

IdentifierMapValue *namedVariables;
uint32_t namedVariableCount;

static LLVMValueRef CompileExpression(
    LLVMValueRef wStructValue,
    LLVMBuilderRef builder,
    LLVMValueRef function,
    Node *binaryExpression
);

static void AddNamedVariable(char *name, LLVMValueRef variable)
{
    IdentifierMapValue mapValue;
    mapValue.name = name;
    mapValue.value = variable;

    namedVariables = realloc(namedVariables, sizeof(IdentifierMapValue) * (namedVariableCount + 1));
    namedVariables[namedVariableCount] = mapValue;

    namedVariableCount += 1;
}

static LLVMValueRef FindVariableByName(LLVMBuilderRef builder, LLVMValueRef wStructValue, char *name)
{
    uint32_t i, j;
    LLVMValueRef searchResult;

    /* first, search scoped vars */
    for (i = 0; i < namedVariableCount; i += 1)
    {
        if (strcmp(namedVariables[i].name, name) == 0)
        {
            return namedVariables[i].value;
        }
    }

    /* if none exist, search struct vars */
    searchResult = CheckStructFieldAndLoad(builder, wStructValue, name);

    if (searchResult == NULL)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Identifier not found!");
    }

    return searchResult;
}

typedef struct CustomTypeMap
{
    LLVMTypeRef type;
    char *name;
} CustomTypeMap;

CustomTypeMap *customTypes;
uint32_t customTypeCount;

static void RegisterCustomType(LLVMTypeRef type, char *name)
{
    customTypes = realloc(customTypes, sizeof(CustomType) * (customTypeCount + 1));
    customTypes[customTypeCount].type = type;
    customTypes[customTypeCount].name = strdup(name);
    customTypeCount += 1;
}

static LLVMTypeRef LookupCustomType(char *name)
{
    uint32_t i;

    for (i = 0; i < customTypeCount; i += 1)
    {
        if (strcmp(customTypes[i].name, name) == 0)
        {
            return customTypes[i].type;
        }
    }

    return NULL;
}

static LLVMTypeRef WraithTypeToLLVMType(PrimitiveType type)
{
    switch (type)
    {
        case Int:
            return LLVMInt64Type();

        case UInt:
            return LLVMInt64Type();

        case Bool:
            return LLVMInt1Type();

        case Void:
            return LLVMVoidType();
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "Unrecognized type!");
    return NULL;
}

static LLVMValueRef CompileNumber(
    Node *numberExpression
) {
    return LLVMConstInt(LLVMInt64Type(), numberExpression->value.number, 0);
}

static LLVMValueRef CompileBinaryExpression(
    LLVMValueRef wStructValue,
    LLVMBuilderRef builder,
    LLVMValueRef function,
    Node *binaryExpression
) {
    LLVMValueRef left = CompileExpression(wStructValue, builder, function, binaryExpression->children[0]);
    LLVMValueRef right = CompileExpression(wStructValue, builder, function, binaryExpression->children[1]);

    switch (binaryExpression->operator.binaryOperator)
    {
        case Add:
            return LLVMBuildAdd(builder, left, right, "tmp");

        case Subtract:
            return LLVMBuildSub(builder, left, right, "tmp");

        case Multiply:
            return LLVMBuildMul(builder, left, right, "tmp");

    }

    return NULL;
}

static LLVMValueRef CompileFunctionCallExpression(
    LLVMValueRef wStructValue,
    LLVMBuilderRef builder,
    LLVMValueRef function,
    Node *expression
) {
    uint32_t i;
    uint32_t argumentCount = expression->children[1]->childCount;
    LLVMValueRef args[argumentCount];

    for (i = 0; i < argumentCount; i += 1)
    {
        args[i] = CompileExpression(wStructValue, builder, function, expression->children[1]->children[i]);
    }

    return LLVMBuildCall(builder, FindVariableByName(builder, wStructValue, expression->children[0]->value.string), args, argumentCount, "tmp");
}

static LLVMValueRef CompileExpression(
    LLVMValueRef wStructValue,
    LLVMBuilderRef builder,
    LLVMValueRef function,
    Node *expression
) {
    LLVMValueRef var;

    switch (expression->syntaxKind)
    {
        case BinaryExpression:
            return CompileBinaryExpression(wStructValue, builder, function, expression);

        case FunctionCallExpression:
            return CompileFunctionCallExpression(wStructValue, builder, function, expression);

        case Identifier:
            return FindVariableByName(builder, wStructValue, expression->value.string);

        case Number:
            return CompileNumber(expression);
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "Unknown expression kind!\n");
    return NULL;
}

static void CompileReturn(LLVMValueRef wStructValue, LLVMBuilderRef builder, LLVMValueRef function, Node *returnStatemement)
{
    LLVMBuildRet(builder, CompileExpression(wStructValue, builder, function, returnStatemement->children[0]));
}

static void CompileReturnVoid(LLVMBuilderRef builder)
{
    LLVMBuildRetVoid(builder);
}

static void CompileAssignment(LLVMValueRef wStructValue, LLVMBuilderRef builder, LLVMValueRef function, Node *assignmentStatement)
{
    LLVMValueRef fieldPointer;
    LLVMValueRef result = CompileExpression(wStructValue, builder, function, assignmentStatement->children[1]);
    LLVMValueRef identifier = CompileExpression(wStructValue, builder, function, assignmentStatement->children[0]);

    MarkStructFieldForWrite(wStructValue, identifier);
}

static void CompileFunctionVariableDeclaration(LLVMBuilderRef builder, Node *variableDeclaration)
{
    char *variableName = variableDeclaration->children[1]->value.string;
    LLVMValueRef variable;
    if (variableDeclaration->children[0]->type == CustomType)
    {
        char *customTypeName = variableDeclaration->children[0]->children[0]->value.string;
        variable = LLVMBuildAlloca(builder, LookupCustomType(customTypeName), variableName);
    }
    else
    {
        variable = LLVMBuildAlloca(builder, WraithTypeToLLVMType(variableDeclaration->children[0]->type), variableName);
    }

    AddNamedVariable(variableName, variable);
}

static uint8_t CompileStatement(LLVMValueRef wStructValue, LLVMBuilderRef builder, LLVMValueRef function, Node *statement)
{
    switch (statement->syntaxKind)
    {
        case Assignment:
            CompileAssignment(wStructValue, builder, function, statement);
            return 0;

        case Declaration:
            CompileFunctionVariableDeclaration(builder, statement);
            return 0;

        case Return:
            CompileReturn(wStructValue, builder, function, statement);
            return 1;

        case ReturnVoid:
            CompileReturnVoid(builder);
            return 1;
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "Unknown statement kind!\n");
    return 0;
}

static void CompileFunction(
    LLVMModuleRef module,
    LLVMTypeRef wStructPointerType,
    Node **fieldDeclarations,
    uint32_t fieldDeclarationCount,
    Node *functionDeclaration
) {
    uint32_t i;
    uint8_t hasReturn = 0;
    Node *functionSignature = functionDeclaration->children[0];
    Node *functionBody = functionDeclaration->children[1];
    uint32_t argumentCount = functionSignature->children[2]->childCount + 1; /* struct is implicit argument */
    LLVMTypeRef paramTypes[argumentCount];

    paramTypes[0] = wStructPointerType;

    for (i = 0; i < functionSignature->children[2]->childCount; i += 1)
    {
        paramTypes[i + 1] = WraithTypeToLLVMType(functionSignature->children[2]->children[i]->children[0]->type);
    }

    LLVMTypeRef returnType = WraithTypeToLLVMType(functionSignature->children[1]->type);
    LLVMTypeRef functionType = LLVMFunctionType(returnType, paramTypes, argumentCount, 0);
    LLVMValueRef function = LLVMAddFunction(module, functionSignature->children[0]->value.string, functionType);

    LLVMValueRef wStructPointer = LLVMGetParam(function, 0);

    for (i = 0; i < functionSignature->children[2]->childCount; i += 1)
    {
        LLVMValueRef argument = LLVMGetParam(function, i + 1);
        AddNamedVariable(functionSignature->children[2]->children[i]->children[1]->value.string, argument);
    }

    LLVMBasicBlockRef entry = LLVMAppendBasicBlock(function, "entry");

    LLVMBuilderRef builder = LLVMCreateBuilder();
    LLVMPositionBuilderAtEnd(builder, entry);

    /* FIXME: replace this with a scope abstraction */
    AddStruct(wStructPointer);

    for (i = 0; i < fieldDeclarationCount; i += 1)
    {
        AddStructFieldName(builder, wStructPointer, fieldDeclarations[i]->children[1]->value.string, i);
    }

    for (i = 0; i < functionBody->childCount; i += 1)
    {
        hasReturn |= CompileStatement(wStructPointer, builder, function, functionBody->children[i]);
    }

    RemoveStruct(builder, wStructPointer);

    if (LLVMGetTypeKind(returnType) == LLVMVoidTypeKind && !hasReturn)
    {
        LLVMBuildRetVoid(builder);
    }
    else if (LLVMGetTypeKind(returnType) != LLVMVoidTypeKind && !hasReturn)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Return statement not provided!");
    }
}

static void CompileStruct(LLVMModuleRef module, LLVMContextRef context, Node *node)
{
    uint32_t i;
    uint32_t fieldCount = 0;
    uint32_t declarationCount = node->children[1]->childCount;
    uint8_t packed = 1;
    LLVMTypeRef types[declarationCount];
    Node *currentDeclarationNode;
    Node *fieldDeclarations[declarationCount];

    LLVMTypeRef wStruct = LLVMStructCreateNamed(context, node->children[0]->value.string);
    LLVMTypeRef wStructPointerType = LLVMPointerType(wStruct, 0); /* FIXME: is this address space correct? */

    /* first, build the structure definition */
    for (i = 0; i < declarationCount; i += 1)
    {
        currentDeclarationNode = node->children[1]->children[i];

        switch (currentDeclarationNode->syntaxKind)
        {
            case Declaration: /* this is badly named */
                types[fieldCount] = WraithTypeToLLVMType(currentDeclarationNode->children[0]->type);
                fieldDeclarations[fieldCount] = currentDeclarationNode;
                fieldCount += 1;
                break;
        }
    }

    LLVMStructSetBody(wStruct, types, fieldCount, packed);

    /* now we can wire up the functions */
    for (i = 0; i < declarationCount; i += 1)
    {
        currentDeclarationNode = node->children[1]->children[i];

        switch (currentDeclarationNode->syntaxKind)
        {
            case FunctionDeclaration:
                CompileFunction(module, wStructPointerType, fieldDeclarations, fieldCount, currentDeclarationNode);
                break;
        }
    }

    RegisterCustomType(wStruct, node->children[0]->value.string);
}

static void Compile(LLVMModuleRef module, LLVMContextRef context, Node *node)
{
    uint32_t i;

    switch (node->syntaxKind)
    {
        case StructDeclaration:
            CompileStruct(module, context, node);
            break;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < node->childCount; i += 1)
    {
        Compile(module, context, node->children[i]);
    }
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    if (argc < 2)
    {
        printf("Please provide a file.\n");
        return 1;
    }

    namedVariables = NULL;
    namedVariableCount = 0;

    structFieldMaps = NULL;
    structFieldMapCount = 0;

    customTypes = NULL;
    customTypeCount = 0;

    stack = CreateStack();

    FILE *fp = fopen(argv[1], "r");
    yyin = fp;
    yyparse(fp, stack);
    fclose(fp);

    PrintTree(rootNode, 0);

    LLVMModuleRef module = LLVMModuleCreateWithName("my_module");
    LLVMContextRef context = LLVMGetGlobalContext();

    Compile(module, context, rootNode);

    char *error = NULL;
    LLVMVerifyModule(module, LLVMAbortProcessAction, &error);
    LLVMDisposeMessage(error);

    if (LLVMWriteBitcodeToFile(module, "test.bc") != 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error writing bitcode to file\n");
    }

    return 0;
}